Pain in the knees: causes, symptoms, and treatment methods
About the symptom
Knee pain is a common problem that many people face, regardless of age and level of physical activity. This symptom can manifest as either acute or chronic discomfort and is often the result of injury, inflammation, or degenerative changes in the joint. Pain may occur during physical activity, at rest, or even at night, which significantly affects the quality of life and overall mobility of the patient. Establishing the exact cause of knee pain is an important step in choosing the correct treatment and returning to a normal lifestyle.
Symptoms accompanying knee pain can range from mild discomfort to intense pain that hinders movement. Swelling, redness of the skin over the knee joint, and limited mobility are also often observed. It is important to consider that the severity of symptoms can vary, and sometimes they may signal more serious conditions such as osteoarthritis, gout, or even meniscus injury. Therefore, upon the appearance of symptoms, one should seek medical attention immediately for diagnosis and effective treatment.
Diseases
Knee pain can be a symptom of various diseases, many of which require serious medical intervention. Some of the most common causes are degenerative changes, such as osteoarthritis, which leads to cartilage wear and joint inflammation. Also, tendonitis and bursitis occur due to stress on the knee joints, resulting in inflammatory processes. It is important to note that pain can also be related to injuries, such as ligament or meniscus tears, which occur during physical activity or as a result of an accident.
Equally important is to consider less common causes of knee pain, such as psoriatic arthritis, gout, or rheumatoid arthritis, which are associated with autoimmune diseases. Identifying the exact cause of knee pain is a key step toward effective treatment, so it is recommended to consult a doctor for a professional assessment of the joint condition at the first signs.
- Osteoarthritis
- Tendonitis
- Bursitis
- Meniscus tear
- Ligament tear (e.g., anterior cruciate ligament)
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Gout
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of knee pain is a key step in creating an effective treatment plan. It begins with a thorough history taking, where the patient is asked questions about the onset of pain, its nature, and its relationship with physical activity. The doctor also performs an examination of the knee, assessing its mobility, swelling, and tenderness. This first stage allows the physician to determine what further investigations may be necessary for an accurate diagnosis.
After the initial examination, additional diagnostic procedures may be recommended, such as radiography, ultrasound examination, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These methods allow visualization of the joint structures, identifying possible injuries such as meniscus tears or changes associated with arthritis. Based on the obtained data, the doctor can establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment.
- Knee joint radiography
- Ultrasound examination (US) of the knee
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Computed tomography (CT)
- Arthroscopy (visualization within the joint)
- Laboratory tests (blood test for inflammatory markers)
Which doctor to contact
If you are experiencing knee pain, it is important not to delay contacting a specialist. Although some causes may be minor and resolve on their own, many cases require qualified medical intervention. First and foremost, you should see a therapist who can conduct a preliminary assessment of your condition and refer you to more specialized doctors depending on the cause of your pain.
The doctor may recommend a consultation with an orthopedist if the problem is related to the joints, muscles, or ligaments. A visit to a rheumatologist may also be needed if there are suspicions of inflammatory diseases. A physical therapist can help restore mobility and strengthen the muscles around the knee joint. Remember that timely consultation with specialists can significantly increase your chances of quick and effective treatment, as well as minimize the risk of chronic issues.
- Therapist
- Orthopedist
- Rheumatologist
- Physical Therapist
- Surgeon
Types of Knee Pain
Knee pain can manifest in various forms and with different intensities, which helps doctors more accurately determine the cause of discomfort. One common type is acute pain, which may arise after an injury or physical exertion. This type of pain usually occurs suddenly and may be accompanied by swelling and limited movement. With acute pain, it is essential to seek medical help immediately to rule out serious joint or ligament injuries.
Chronic knee pain, on the other hand, develops gradually and may be associated with age-related changes, degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis, or inflammatory processes such as arthritis. Chronic pain often worsens with physical activity and can reduce a patient’s quality of life by limiting mobility. It is important to pay attention to the symptoms of chronic pain and not ignore them, as they can lead to further complications.
- Acute pain
- Chronic pain
- Localized pain
- Radiating pain
- Pain during movement
- Pain at rest
Causes of Knee Pain
Knee pain can arise from a multitude of reasons, and it is important to accurately identify them to choose the appropriate treatment method. One of the most common causes is injuries. This can range from ligament strains to meniscus damage, which can occur both as a result of sports injuries and in everyday life. Such injuries are often accompanied by sharp pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
Another significant cause is degenerative changes in the joints, such as osteoarthritis. With age, the cartilage covering the joints wears down, leading to pain, stiffness, and inflammation. It’s also worth mentioning conditions such as bursitis or tendinitis, which may manifest as pain in the knee area due to inflammatory processes in the tissues surrounding the joint.
- Injuries (sprains, tears)
- Osteoarthritis
- Bursitis
- Tendinitis
- Aging changes
- Infectious diseases
- Rheumatoid arthritis
Common related pathologies
Knee pain can be a symptom of a variety of diseases and pathologies that affect both the joint itself and the surrounding tissues. One of the most common causes is osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease that leads to the destruction of cartilage, causing pain and restricted mobility. It is important to understand that with age, the risk of developing osteoarthritis significantly increases, and therefore regular medical check-ups play a key role in the early diagnosis of this condition.
Another common pathology related to knee pain is bursitis, which occurs as a result of inflammation of the synovial bursa, which can be triggered by injuries or intense physical activity. Joint and ligament injuries, as well as tendinitis – inflammation of the tendons – can also cause pain and discomfort. These conditions require attention, as they can lead to more serious consequences if not treated in a timely manner.
- Osteoarthritis
- Bursitis
- Tendinitis
- Meniscus injury
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Ligament injuries (e.g., tearing of the cruciate ligaments)
- IT band syndrome (or calf muscle syndrome)
Expert Opinion
Knee pain is one of the most common complaints that patients present to doctors. According to orthopedists and rheumatologists, this symptom can be caused by various factors, ranging from injuries to age-related changes in joint cartilage. It is important to note that timely medical attention can prevent further deterioration of the condition and preserve joint mobility for many years.
Specialists emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment. First of all, it is essential to establish the exact cause of the pain, which may require a series of tests, such as X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound. Based on the examination results, doctors may recommend both conservative treatment methods, such as physiotherapy and medication therapy, as well as more radical approaches, including surgical intervention in cases of serious joint damage.
Experts also note that prevention plays a key role in maintaining knee health. Regular physical activity, maintaining a normal weight, and adhering to the principles of healthy eating can significantly reduce the risk of developing diseases related to knee pain. Therefore, visiting a doctor should not be postponed until serious symptoms appear – it’s better to monitor joint health in advance.
Treatment of Knee Pain
The treatment of knee pain depends on the cause that triggered this symptom. Initially, it is important to conduct a thorough diagnosis to determine the source of the discomfort. The doctor may recommend conservative treatment, including physical therapy, the use of anti-inflammatory medications, and lifestyle changes to reduce the load on the knee joints. Regular physical activity, specialized exercises, and maintaining a healthy weight can significantly improve the overall condition of the joints.
In some cases, especially if conservative methods do not bring relief, it may be advisable to consider more invasive treatment methods, such as steroid injections, hyaluronic acid injections, or even surgical intervention. Surgical methods may include arthroscopy to remove damaged tissues or knee joint replacement. Each treatment should be tailored individually, taking into account the overall condition of the patient and the severity of the disease.
- Physical therapy
- Medication therapy (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
- Steroid injections
- Hyaluronic acid injections
- Surgical intervention (arthroscopy, joint replacement)
- Exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee
- Orthopedic insoles and braces
- Changes in diet and lifestyle
Complications
Knee pain can not only impair quality of life but also lead to serious complications if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. One of the most common complications is disability, which arises from limited mobility and chronic pain. Patients may face difficulties in carrying out their daily responsibilities, which directly affects their physical activity and psychological well-being.
Over time, chronic knee pain can lead to the development of osteoarthritis, which exacerbates the problem. This degenerative joint disease is characterized by the destruction of cartilage tissue, causing additional discomfort and limiting movement. It is important to understand that advanced cases may require surgical intervention, which significantly complicates the recovery and rehabilitation process.
- Development of osteoarthritis
- Chronic fatigue and depression
- Increased risk of injuries to other joints due to altered movement mechanics
- Disability and the need for assistance with daily tasks
- Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases due to a sedentary lifestyle
FAQ
What to do if knee pain doesn’t go away after rest?
If knee pain does not go away after rest, it is important not to ignore this symptom and to consult a doctor for diagnosis and qualified assistance. The causes of persistent pain can vary from simple ligament strains to serious conditions such as arthritis or the aftermath of injuries. The doctor will conduct necessary examinations, including X-rays or MRIs, to determine the source of the pain and will suggest appropriate treatment, which may include medication, physiotherapy, or in rare cases, surgical intervention. Self-medication is not advisable, as it may worsen the condition.
Why do athletes experience knee pain?
Knee pain in athletes can occur for several reasons, including joint overload, injuries, and chronic diseases. It is often related to intensive training, poorly chosen footwear, or improper exercise technique. Athletes may encounter soft tissue injuries, such as ligaments and menisci, as well as inflammatory processes, for example, tendinitis or bursitis. An important factor is also the predisposition to certain diseases, such as osteoarthritis, which can manifest under high physical loads. To prevent and timely treat such pains, it is essential to listen to the signals of your body and seek specialist advice promptly.
What are the first signs of a knee injury and when should you see a doctor?
The first signs of knee injury may include sudden pain, swelling, limited mobility, and a feeling of instability in the joint. If you notice that your knee is suddenly painful, swollen, or appears deformed, and if you experience difficulty moving or performing movements, you should promptly consult a doctor. Early medical intervention can help avoid serious complications and speed up the recovery process.
What is patellofemoral pain syndrome and how is it related to knee pain?
Patellofemoral pain syndrome, also known as “runner’s knee,” is a condition characterized by pain in the area of the kneecap (patella) and the front of the knee. It often arises due to improper movement mechanics, excessive joint load, or muscle imbalance, especially in athletes and those who lead an active lifestyle. This syndrome can cause discomfort when walking, running, squatting, and even at rest. Treatment includes physical therapy, muscle strengthening, adjustment of training routines, and, in some cases, the use of orthopedic devices.