Pain in the sacrum: causes, diagnosis, and treatment of symptoms
About the symptom
Lower back pain is a common symptom that can occur in both older adults and young people. This pain is felt in the lower back, in the area between the lower back and the buttocks, and can vary in nature: from mild discomfort to sharp and acute pain syndrome. The causes of discomfort in the sacral area can be diverse: from muscular and ligamentous injuries to joint diseases or pathologies of internal organs.
In addition to the primary pain syndrome, patients may experience accompanying symptoms such as stiffness, increased pain during prolonged sitting or standing, as well as radiation of pain into the legs. Sometimes, neurological manifestations such as numbness or tingling can be observed, which may indicate significant nerve compression. Consulting a specialist to identify the exact cause and prescribe adequate therapy is key to reducing pain sensations and preventing possible complications in the future.
Diseases
Pain in the sacrum can be a symptom of various diseases and conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system, as well as internal organs. It is most often associated with lesions of the spine, joints, and soft tissues. It is important to note that pain in this area may also indicate pathologies of the pelvic organs, making diagnosis and treatment particularly important and complex. Conditions that can cause pain in the sacrum can vary from osteochondrosis to inflammatory diseases, such as sacroiliitis.
To accurately determine the cause of sacral pain, medical professionals often recommend undergoing a series of examinations, including X-ray, ultrasound, and MRI. This will help identify potential diseases and develop an individual treatment program. Ignoring symptoms or self-treatment can lead to a worsening of the condition, so it is important to consult a doctor at the first signs of discomfort.
- Lumbar osteochondrosis
- Sacroiliitis
- Spondylitis
- Herniated intervertebral discs
- Protrusions
- Injuries to the sacrum and lower back
- Radiculitis
- Fibromyalgia
- Diseases of the pelvic organs (e.g., endometriosis)
- Cancer (metastases in the sacrum)
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of sacral pain is an important step in determining the cause of discomfort and developing an effective treatment plan. During a doctor’s appointment, a comprehensive assessment is usually conducted, which includes taking a medical history and a physical examination. The doctor assesses the nature of the pain, its intensity, and accompanying symptoms, which helps narrow down the range of possible conditions. Specific tests and maneuvers performed during the examination may help identify issues with the spine, joints, or soft tissues.
In addition to the clinical examination, various diagnostic procedures may be ordered for more accurate diagnosis. This may include X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT), which allow for detailed images of the spine’s structure and surrounding tissues. Laboratory tests can help identify inflammatory processes or infectious diseases affecting the sacrum.
- X-ray of the sacral spine
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Computed tomography (CT)
- Ultrasound examination of soft tissues
- General and biochemical blood tests
- Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (puncture)
- Electromyography (EMG)
Which doctor to contact
If you experience pain in the sacrum, it is important not to ignore this symptom and to timely consult a specialist. Since the pain in this area can be caused by various reasons, it is advisable to start with a consultation with a therapist who can assess your condition, collect your medical history, and refer you to the appropriate specialist for a more detailed examination. Depending on the nature of the pain and accompanying symptoms, consultation with other doctors may be necessary.
Among the specialists to consult for sacral pain, neurologists, orthopedists, traumatologists, and rheumatologists are highlighted. A neurologist will help rule out neurological causes related to spinal dysfunction, while an orthopedist and traumatologist can investigate possible damage to joints and bones. A rheumatologist, in turn, will look for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases that may also be the source of the pain.
Referrals to medical specialists
- Therapist
- Neurologist
- Orthopedist
- Traumatologist
- Rheumatologist
- Physiotherapist
- Surgeon
Types of Pain in the Sacrum
Pain in the sacrum can manifest in different forms, and it is important to understand what types of pain exist for more accurate diagnosis and treatment selection. Most often, acute and chronic pain are distinguished. Acute pain usually occurs suddenly and may be related to injury, strain, or inflammation. This pain can be intense and limit mobility, often resolving within a few days or weeks with proper treatment.
Chronic pain in the sacrum, on the other hand, lasts for more than three months. It can be constant or intermittent, sometimes worsening with physical activity or prolonged periods in one position. Chronic pain is often associated with conditions such as osteochondrosis, arthritis, or intervertebral hernia. Understanding the types of pain in the sacrum is important for determining the next steps in diagnosis and choosing optimal treatment.
- Acute pain
- Chronic pain
- Stereotypic pain
- Radiating pain
- Post-traumatic pain
Causes of Sacral Pain
Sacral pain is a common problem that can be caused by various factors. One of the most frequent causes is issues with the lumbar spine, such as intervertebral hernias or osteochondrosis. These conditions can lead to the compression of nerve roots, which in turn causes pain, discomfort, and limited mobility. Additionally, poor posture or prolonged sitting in an uncomfortable position can contribute to the buildup of muscle tension and the emergence of pain in the sacral area.
Moreover, there may be other physiological causes, such as inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs, joint dysfunctions, or back injuries. In rare cases, diseases of internal organs, such as urinary or reproductive system disorders, can be the cause of pain. Understanding these causes is crucial for determining the proper treatment strategy and choosing the necessary diagnostic methods.
- Osteochondrosis
- Intervertebral hernia
- Injuries and bruises
- Inflammatory diseases
- Joint dysfunctions
- Diseases of the pelvic organs
- Poor posture
Common Related Pathologies
Pain in the sacrum can be a symptom of various diseases and conditions that affect the musculoskeletal system and the nervous system. It often occurs in conjunction with other pathological conditions, which can complicate the clinical picture and hinder diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to understand which diseases may be associated with the onset of pain in the sacral area.
Some of the most common related pathologies include osteochondrosis, intervertebral hernias, spondyloarthritis, and traumatic injuries of the lumbar spine. These conditions can lead to damage to nerve roots and soft tissues, which cause pain in the sacrum. Attention should also be paid to functional disorders, such as muscle tension syndrome, which can cause reflexive pain in this area.
- Osteochondrosis
- Intervertebral hernias
- Spondyloarthritis
- Traumatic injuries of the lumbar spine
- Muscle tension syndrome
- Arthritis and arthrosis
- Scoliosis and other spinal deformities
Expert Opinion
Pain in the sacral area is a fairly common problem that affects both young and older people. It is important to understand that the sacral region plays a key role in supporting the body and distributing load during movement. According to specialists, such pain can be associated with both injuries and chronic diseases. For example, osteochondrosis, sciatica, or spondylitis can cause discomfort and limited mobility. Experts emphasize that timely visits to a doctor and proper diagnosis play an important role in treatment and the prevention of possible complications.
In addition, experts point out the need for a comprehensive approach to treating sacral pain, which should include not only medication but also physiotherapy, massage, and therapeutic exercises. By focusing on prevention and health, one can significantly reduce the risk of developing chronic pain and improve the quality of life. The doctor also recommends paying attention to lifestyle, avoiding prolonged static loads, and regularly performing exercises to strengthen the muscle corset.
Treatment of Sacral Pain
Treatment of sacral pain can vary significantly depending on the cause and severity of symptoms. It is essential first to conduct a thorough examination to identify the underlying condition and prescribe appropriate treatment. Typically, therapy includes both conservative methods and, in some cases, more invasive approaches. Conservative measures may include physical therapy, manual therapy, as well as various medications to relieve pain and inflammation.
Physical therapy procedures, such as ultrasound, electrotherapy, and massage, can help improve circulation, reduce muscle tension, and increase flexibility. If traditional treatment does not yield results, doctors may consider injection options, such as steroids, which help reduce inflammation in the sacral area. In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to address problems caused by structural changes in the spine or other pathologies.
- Physical therapy
- Manual therapy
- Medication (pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs)
- Steroid injections
- Surgical intervention (if necessary)
Complications
Pain in the sacrum can have serious consequences if not given proper attention. One of the most common complications is chronic pain, which can develop from ignoring the initial symptoms. Chronic pain can not only decrease the quality of life for the patient but can also lead to psychoemotional disorders such as depression and anxiety. It can also limit physical activity, which in turn leads to a whole range of concomitant diseases.
Another complication is the development of back diseases, such as osteochondrosis or intervertebral hernia. These diseases can occur as a result of excessive strain on the musculoskeletal system and lack of physical activity. It is important to understand that pain in the sacrum can indicate more serious problems that require medical intervention, such as inflammatory processes or infectious diseases.
- Chronic pain
- Osteochondrosis
- Intervertebral hernia
- Depression and anxiety
- Decreased physical activity and functionality
- Inflammatory joint diseases
- Spinal cord infections
FAQ
What to do if pain in the sacrum does not go away for several days?
If pain in the sacrum does not go away for several days, it is important to see a doctor to determine the cause and receive qualified medical assistance. The doctor will perform diagnostics, which may include examination, tests, and if necessary, additional studies such as MRI or X-rays. Self-medication should be avoided, as it can lead to a worsening of the condition. A qualified specialist will help determine the optimal treatment, which may include physical therapy, lifestyle adjustments, and in some cases, medication.
What are the main causes of pain in the sacrum and how can they be identified?
Pain in the sacrum can occur for many reasons, including injuries, osteochondrosis, intervertebral hernias, inflammatory diseases, as well as physiological factors such as pregnancy or prolonged sitting. The main causes can be identified through a comprehensive examination, which includes general and neurological assessments, as well as imaging methods, such as X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT). It is important to consider not only the location and intensity of the pain but also accompanying symptoms to determine the true cause of discomfort and prescribe effective treatment.
How can you prevent pain in the sacrum?
To prevent pain in the lower back, it is important to follow several key recommendations. Regular physical exercises will help strengthen the back and abdominal muscles, providing support for the spine. Pay attention to proper posture when sitting and standing, and ensure that you lift heavy objects correctly by bending your knees, not your waist. It is also important to avoid staying in one position for long periods, take breaks, and stretch during prolonged sitting work. Proper supply of vitamins and minerals to the body, as well as weight control, also contribute to the prevention of lower back pain.
How to choose the right mattress to prevent lower back pain?
When choosing the right mattress to prevent lower back pain, several important factors should be considered. First, the mattress must provide proper support for the spine, maintaining its natural curves. Medium-firm models are recommended, as such mattresses offer an optimal combination of comfort and support. Second, pay attention to the materials: latex and memory foam mattresses adapt well to the shape of the body, which helps distribute weight evenly. It is also important to consider individual preferences for firmness and sleeping temperature, as a comfortable sleep plays a key role in preventing lower back pain.