Stomach pain: causes, symptoms, and treatment options
About the symptom
Stomach pain is one of the most common symptoms that people of various age groups experience. This discomfort can manifest in different forms, such as sharp or dull pain, burning, a feeling of fullness, or spasms. It is important to note that stomach pains can be either temporary or chronic, and may indicate the presence of various diseases, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, pancreatitis, or even cancerous processes. Frequently accompanying symptoms include nausea, vomiting, heartburn, loss of appetite, and changes in stool.
Ignoring stomach pain can lead to serious consequences, so it is important to pay attention to the nature and frequency of these pains. If they become persistent or increase in intensity, it is recommended to promptly consult a doctor for diagnosis and determination of the cause. Modern medicine offers many ways to identify stomach diseases, including endoscopy, ultrasound examinations, and laboratory tests. Determining the exact cause of the pain is key to effective treatment and preventing further complications, making prevention and timely medical attention extremely important.
Diseases
Stomach pain can be a symptom of various diseases that require attention and sometimes immediate intervention. One of the most common causes of stomach pain is gastritis — inflammation of the stomach lining that can be triggered by infections, poor diet, or stress. However, there are many other diseases related to this area that can also cause discomfort and painful sensations. Timely diagnosis and treatment of stomach diseases are key factors in preventing the worsening of the patient’s condition.
Some of the most common diseases that cause stomach pain include ulcers, which are characterized by the formation of sores on the lining of the stomach or duodenum, as well as reflux esophagitis, in which there is a backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, causing burning and discomfort. Other conditions, such as cholecystitis and pancreatitis, can also cause pain in the upper abdomen, so it is important to consult a specialist for an accurate diagnosis.
- Gastritis
- Ulcer disease
- Reflux esophagitis
- Cholecystitis
- Pancreatitis
- Spasms and stomach pain (functional dyspepsia)
- Stomach infections (e.g., Helicobacter pylori)
- Alcoholic gastritis
- Stomach cancer
Diagnosis
Diagnosing stomach pain is a complex and multi-step process that requires an assessment of various factors related to the patient’s condition. First and foremost, the doctor conducts a thorough medical history, including information about the nature of the pain, its location, duration, as well as the presence of accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, heartburn, and changes in appetite. Based on the obtained information, the doctor may refer the patient for necessary diagnostic procedures to clarify the cause of the disease.
There are several diagnostic methods that help identify stomach diseases. These include laboratory tests, instrumental studies, and imaging methods. The importance of accurate diagnosis is not to be underestimated, as based on the results obtained, the doctor can prescribe appropriate treatment, significantly improving the quality of life for the patient and helping to avoid complications.
- Complete blood count
- Biochemical blood analysis
- Fecal occult blood test
- Fibrogastroscopy (FGDS)
- Ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs
- Radiography of the stomach with contrast
- CT (computed tomography) of the abdominal organs
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the stomach
Which doctor to consult
When experiencing stomach pain, it is important not to postpone a visit to a specialist, as this symptom can indicate various diseases. Proper diagnosis and treatment directly depend on the qualifications of the doctor. The first step in seeking help is to consult a therapist, who will conduct an initial assessment of the condition and, if necessary, refer to narrow specialists. It is essential to remember that some conditions require emergency medical assistance, and pain should not be ignored.
The main specialists to consult in case of stomach pain include a gastroenterologist, who deals with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as a surgeon if surgical intervention becomes necessary. Consultations with an infectious disease specialist can also be useful if there is suspicion of an infectious disease. Each of these doctors will be able to offer specialized examinations and develop an effective treatment plan for your case.
- Therapist
- Gastroenterologist
- Surgeon
- Infectious disease specialist
- Oncologist (if there is a need for cancer screening)
Types of Stomach Pain
Stomach pain can manifest in various forms and have different localizations, which helps doctors determine the cause of discomfort. One of the most common types is acute pain, which may indicate serious pathologies such as appendicitis or organ perforation. This pain typically occurs suddenly and requires urgent medical attention.
Another common type is dull pain, which occurs against the background of chronic diseases such as gastritis or peptic ulcers. Such pains may be less intense but constant, significantly impairing the patient’s quality of life. It is important to note that the nature of the pain, its intensity, and duration should be assessed in the context of other symptoms for more accurate diagnosis.
- Acute pain
- Dull pain
- Spasmodic pain
- Burning pain
- Upper abdominal pain
- Pain radiating to the back
Causes of Stomach Pain
Stomach pain can arise from a variety of reasons, ranging from quite harmless to serious diseases. One of the most common causes is digestive system disorders, such as gastritis, ulcers, or dyspepsia. These conditions often occur due to improper nutrition, stress, and alcohol abuse, leading to inflammation of the mucous membrane and, consequently, pain in the stomach area.
In addition to digestive problems, there are many other factors that can cause discomfort. These may include infectious diseases caused by bacteria or viruses, as well as intolerance to certain foods, such as gluten or lactose. Pain sensations can also be a result of psychosomatic disorders or stress, where the body responds to psychological factors with physical symptoms.
- Gastritis
- Stomach Ulcer
- Dyspepsia
- Food Intolerance
- Infectious Diseases
- Pancreatitis
- Stress Disorders
- Organic Diseases (e.g., cancerous diseases)
Common Associated Pathologies
Stomach pain can be a symptom of various diseases, and understanding the associated pathologies is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment. One of the most common causes of stomach pain is gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining that can be caused by infection, poor diet, or prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Symptoms of gastritis may include pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting.
Another common pathology is peptic ulcer disease, which is characterized by the formation of ulcers on the stomach or duodenal lining. Pain in peptic ulcer disease often worsens between meals and may be accompanied by heartburn and a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen. Functional dyspepsia, which can lead to discomfort and pain in the upper abdomen without clear anatomical changes, is also quite common.
- Gastritis
- Stomach ulcer
- Duodenal ulcer
- Functional dyspepsia
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Cholelithiasis
- Stomach cancer
Expert Opinion
Stomach pain is a symptom that can have many causes and should not be ignored. A gastroenterologist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, emphasizes the importance of diagnosing this symptom, as it may be related not only to diseases of the stomach itself but also to pathologies of other organs. According to statistics, about 30% of doctor visits are related to abdominal pain, and a significant portion of these cases is attributed to gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and functional disorders.
Timely consultation with a doctor allows for the identification of the true cause of the pain and the initiation of appropriate treatment. It is important to note that self-medication can lead to a worsening of the condition, as many medications used to relieve symptoms can mask the underlying issues. Experts advise not to delay a visit to a specialist if stomach pain recurs or is accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, weight loss, or changes in bowel habits.
Treatment of Stomach Pain
Treatment of stomach pain begins with proper diagnosis and identifying the causes that may be causing discomfort. Depending on the specific diagnosis, therapy may include both medication and lifestyle changes. It is important to know that self-medication can worsen the situation, so it is always recommended to consult a specialist. The doctor may recommend dietary changes, such as eliminating fatty and spicy foods, as well as increasing fiber intake.
In most cases, antacids, medications to reduce stomach acid secretion, or antispasmodics are used to relieve the condition. If there is an infection, antibiotics may need to be prescribed. Additionally, physiotherapeutic procedures may be recommended. In the case of more serious illnesses, surgical intervention may be required.
- Medication therapy (antacids, inhalers)
- Diet therapy
- Physiotherapy
- Surgical intervention (if necessary)
- Psychological support (if necessary)
Complications
Stomach pain can be not only undesirable but also dangerous if it is a symptom of more serious diseases. In the absence of adequate treatment or by ignoring symptoms, the pain can develop into a chronic form, leading to long-term complications. One of the most common complications is peptic ulcer disease, where open sores form on the inner surface of the stomach, which can cause severe bleeding and infections.
Another potential complication is gastritis, which in advanced form can lead to atrophy of the stomach lining, disrupting normal digestion. Alternatively, prolonged stomach pain may be a sign of stomach cancer, especially if the pain is accompanied by other alarming symptoms such as unexpected weight loss, anemia, or persistent nausea. Therefore, it is important not to ignore ongoing or worsening pain and to consult a doctor for examination and diagnosis.
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Gastritis (chronic, atrophic)
- Stomach cancer
- Stomach bleeding
- Stomach perforation
FAQ
What to do if you have a stomach ache?
When experiencing stomach pain, it is important to first assess the symptoms and their intensity. If the pain is acute or accompanied by symptoms such as vomiting, fever, blood in the stool, or a sharp deterioration in overall condition, it is necessary to seek medical assistance immediately. In other cases, it is recommended to temporarily refrain from eating, ensure rest, and schedule a consultation with a gastroenterologist. The doctor will conduct a detailed diagnosis, including questioning, physical examination, and possible laboratory tests, to determine the cause of the pain and prescribe appropriate treatment. It is essential to avoid self-medication, as this may worsen the current condition.
What factors can worsen stomach pain?
What to do if you have a stomach ache?
When experiencing stomach pain, it is essential to first determine the nature and cause of the discomfort. It is recommended to avoid heavy foods and alcohol, and switch to a light diet consisting of porridge, soups, and boiled meat. It is important to ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration. If the pain persists for more than a few hours, is accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, or high fever, it is necessary to seek immediate medical attention for diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Self-medication can worsen the condition, so it is crucial to receive timely professional medical help.
What factors can exacerbate stomach pain?
Some factors can significantly exacerbate stomach pain, including poor diet, stress, high fat content, spicy seasonings, and caffeine in the diet, as well as the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. Additionally, inappropriate use of painkillers and anti-inflammatory medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can lead to further damage to the stomach lining, which also exacerbates symptoms. A tense emotional environment and lack of sleep can also increase the stomach’s sensitivity to pain and discomfort. It is important to consider these factors for effective management and treatment of stomach pain.
Is it possible to ignore stomach pain if it occurs infrequently?
Ignoring stomach pain, even if it occurs infrequently, is not recommended. Symptoms, even if they are intermittent, may be a sign of serious digestive system diseases, including gastritis, ulcers, or even stomach cancer. The nature, frequency, and intensity of the pain may indicate the progression of a condition that requires timely diagnosis and treatment. A medical consultation is necessary to determine possible causes and exclude serious pathologies, as ignoring it can lead to worsening conditions and the development of complications.
What are the main symptoms indicating serious stomach problems?
The main symptoms indicating serious problems with the stomach may include intense and constant abdominal pain, alternating with a feeling of heaviness or bloating, as well as symptoms related to digestive disturbances, such as nausea, vomiting, heartburn, or loss of appetite. It is also important to pay attention to the presence of dark or bloody vomit, as well as black, tarry stools, which may indicate internal bleeding. Equally important are symptoms such as sharp weight changes, increased fatigue, or jaundice, which indicate potential disorders in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and require immediate medical evaluation.