Changes in nail shape: causes, symptoms, and treatment
About the Symptom
Changes in the shape of the nails can be a warning sign indicating various health issues. Normally, healthy nails have a smooth, even surface and a characteristic shape that can range from round to square. However, if the nails begin to take on unusual contours—such as becoming concave, convex, or changing in width—this may indicate the presence of certain diseases. Such pathologies include fungal infections, psoriasis, lung diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as various deficiencies in nutrients, such as iron or vitamins.
Consulting a doctor at the first signs of changes in nail shape is an important step for diagnosing and timely treating potential disorders. For example, concave nails may be a sign of lung diseases, while thickened and convex nails often indicate heart problems. Additionally, it should not be forgotten that the condition of the nails can reflect the overall picture of the body’s health, including stress levels and the impact of bad habits. A professional assessment of the condition of the nails will help identify potential threats and determine the need for additional diagnostic procedures.
Diseases
Changes in the shape of nails can be an important symptom of various diseases that often require medical attention. The appearance of nails may indicate the presence of systemic disorders, infections, or even hereditary pathologies. This makes monitoring the nails a key element for the early detection of serious diseases.
Some of the most common diseases that may manifest through changes in nail shape include fungal infections, psoriasis, dermatitis, and various metabolic disorders. These conditions can cause changes such as thickening, porosity, discoloration, or breakage. It is important to note that changes in nail shape can also signal serious health problems, such as lung diseases or cardiovascular issues.
- Fungal infections (onychomycosis)
- Psoriasis
- Atopic dermatitis
- Lupus erythematosus
- Thyroid diseases
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Deficiencies of vitamins and minerals (for example, iron, vitamin B12)
- Liver cirrhosis
- Lung diseases (for example, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
- Cardiovascular diseases
Diagnosis
Changes in the shape of nails can be a symptom of various diseases, related to both the skin and internal organs. For accurate diagnosis, it is important to consult a specialist who will conduct an examination and suggest the necessary diagnostic procedures. In the early stages, it can be quite difficult to determine the cause of changes in nail shape, so a comprehensive approach to diagnosis plays a key role in identifying the underlying issue.
During the diagnostic process, the doctor may consider not only the type of nail changes but also the patient’s medical history and the presence of accompanying symptoms. Based on the information gathered, additional studies may be ordered to help identify hidden pathologies. The main diagnostic methods include blood tests, dermatoscopy, and other specialized tests.
- Clinical blood test
- Dermatoscopy
- Tests for infections (fungal, bacterial)
- Nail plate biopsy
- Hormonal disorder testing
- Ultrasound examination
- Skin tests for allergic reactions
Which doctor to consult
Changes in the shape of nails can be a sign of various diseases, so it’s important not to ignore these symptoms. At the first signs of changes in the shape, color, or texture of the nails, it is recommended to consult a doctor. Depending on the manifestations and nature of the changes, you may need a consultation with a specialist who can determine the causes and prescribe appropriate treatment.
Most often, you should start with a visit to a dermatologist, as they deal with diseases of the skin and nails. If a fungal infection or another infectious disease is suspected, the doctor may refer you to an infectious disease specialist. In some cases, changes may be caused by systemic problems, and then a consultation with a therapist or a specialized doctor, such as a rheumatologist or an endocrinologist, may be required.
When consulting a doctor, it is important to provide complete information about the symptoms and any other changes in your health. Additionally, the following directions may help you determine which specialists to consult:
- Dermatologist
- Infectious disease specialist
- Therapist
- Rheumatologist
- Endocrinologist
- Oncologist
Types of Nail Shape Changes
The change in nail shape can manifest in various forms, each of which may signal the presence of certain diseases or conditions. One of the most common types is the shortening of the nail plate, which may indicate circulation disorders or fungal infections. Thickening and changes in the structure of the nail can also indicate various diseases, including psoriasis or eczema.
Another common type is phalangeal curvature, where the nails begin to bend to the side, often related to developmental anomalies or finger overexertion. It is also worth noting the deepening or concavity of the nails, which may indicate systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders or lung diseases.
- Pitting on the nails (pits)
- Increase or decrease in nail size
- Deformation of the plate (flat, convex, etc.)
- Brittleness and splitting of nails
- Change in nail color
Causes of Nail Shape Changes
Changes in nail shape can be caused by a variety of factors related to both the internal condition of the body and external influences. One of the most common causes is a deficiency of nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals that are necessary for the normal growth and health of nails. For example, a deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to the development of transverse ridges, while a lack of calcium and magnesium can result in brittleness and unusual nail shape.
Additionally, skin diseases and systemic diseases can significantly affect nail health. Conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, or fungal infections can cause deformation and discoloration of the nails. Some chronic diseases, such as diabetes and liver diseases, can also lead to changes in nail shape and structure. It is important to remember that such changes can be a signal of serious health problems, so it is necessary to consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment if they are detected.
- Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
- Fungal infections
- Psoriasis
- Eczema
- Systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes)
- Nail injuries or damage
- Psychosomatic disorders
Common Associated Pathologies
The change in the shape of nails may be associated with a number of different pathologies that can signal the presence of more serious diseases. One of the most common conditions is a fungal infection, which can lead to thickening, color change, and alteration in the shape of the nails. The fungus, penetrating the nail plate, disrupts its structure, which can cause pain and discomfort.
Another common cause of changes in nail shape is psoriasis. This chronic skin disease can manifest not only on the skin’s surface but also affect nail health, causing them to shorten, become pigmented, and brittle. Additionally, osteoarthritis and other rheumatological diseases can lead to changes in the shape and structure of the nail plates, which also requires careful attention to diagnosis and treatment.
- Fungal infections (onychomycosis)
- Psoriasis
- Osteoarthritis
- Endocrine disorders (e.g., hypothyroidism)
- Ex eczema and dermatitis
- Vitamin deficiencies (e.g., vitamin A and biotin deficiency)
- Nail injuries
- Dysidrotic eczema
Expert Opinion
Changes in nail shape can be indicators of various diseases or conditions of the body. As noted by a doctor of medical sciences, a dermatologist and expert in nail diseases, such changes can arise from both internal and external factors. Nails serve as a kind of “window” into our health, and their shape can reveal much about the state of our body.
Experts emphasize the importance of regular nail examinations, especially if you notice any obvious changes such as thickening, bending, or splitting. Nail problems can arise from a lack of essential vitamins and minerals, specific infections, or even serious diseases like diabetes or cardiovascular issues. Therefore, it is important not to ignore such symptoms and seek medical help to prevent potential complications.
In conclusion, following specialists’ recommendations and timely diagnosis of nail conditions will help identify the causes of changes and, consequently, improve overall health. One should not forget that caring for nails is not just a cosmetic procedure, but an important aspect of overall well-being.
Treatment of Nail Shape Changes
Changes in nail shape can be a sign of serious diseases, so treating this symptom requires a comprehensive approach. First of all, it is important to identify the underlying cause that led to this condition. After diagnosis, treatment may include both conservative methods and medical procedures. For example, antifungal medications may be prescribed for fungal infections, while special therapeutic agents may be recommended to restore the structure of the nail in case of injuries.
In addition to medical intervention, maintaining proper hygiene of the nails and the skin around them is also important, as well as adhering to a healthy lifestyle. This includes a balanced diet that provides the body with essential vitamins and minerals, nail care, and the use of moisturizing products. Remember that the use of quality cosmetics and care products also plays a significant role in maintaining nail health.
- Use of antifungal medications
- Vitamin complexes and supplements
- Nail salons with a medical focus
- Moisturizing and restorative creams
- Surgical intervention in case of injuries
- Physiotherapy to improve blood circulation
Complications
Changes in nail shape can be not only a cosmetic problem but also a signal of serious disorders in the body. Depending on the cause of the nail deformation, various complications may arise. For example, if the changes in nail shape are related to fungal infections, this can lead to the spread of the infection to neighboring nails and skin. In this case, patients will require more intensive treatment to address the issue and prevent recurrences.
Moreover, many diseases that cause changes in nail shape can have systemic consequences. For instance, disorders in the liver or kidneys that manifest as changes in the nail plate can also lead to other, more serious conditions such as kidney failure or hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, it is important not only to pay attention to changes in the nails but also to conduct a thorough diagnosis of the health condition.
- Fungal infections (onychomycosis)
- Bacterial infections
- Dermatitis and eczema
- Pathologies of internal organs (liver, kidneys)
- Avitaminosis and mineral deficiencies
FAQ
What can cause a change in the shape of nails and how to deal with it?
Changes in nail shape can be caused by a variety of factors, including nutrient deficiencies such as zinc and biotin, fungal infections, injuries, or diseases such as psoriasis and eczema. Negative effects on the nails can also result from excessive use of nail polish, acrylic nails, or inadequate hygiene. To combat this issue, it is necessary to maintain a balanced diet, take vitamins and minerals, practice proper hand and foot hygiene, and seek medical advice for infections or serious illnesses to receive appropriate treatment.
How changes in the shape of nails can indicate serious illnesses?
Changing the shape of nails can serve as an important diagnostic sign, indicating possible pathological processes in the body. For example, changes such as thickening, discoloration, or changes in shape may signal the presence of diseases such as psoriasis, fungal infections, as well as systemic diseases including diabetes or thyroid disorders. Pay attention to the combination of symptoms and other changes in health status, as early detection and seeking medical advice can help in the timely diagnosis and treatment of serious illnesses.
What is the significance of the color and texture of nails when changing their shape?
Changes in the color and texture of nails can significantly aid in the diagnosis of various diseases. For example, yellow or brown shades may indicate the presence of fungal infections, while blue or purple tones can signal circulation problems or issues with the lungs. An uneven surface, bumps, or cracks may indicate a deficiency of vitamins or minerals, as well as systemic diseases such as psoriasis or eczema. Thus, when there are changes in the shape of the nails, it is important to pay attention not only to their shape but also to their color and texture, as this may be key to identifying serious pathologies.
How can one diagnose the causes of nail shape changes at home?
Changes in the shape of nails can be a sign of various diseases or conditions, and while it is best to consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis, some aspects can be assessed at home. First, pay attention to general changes in the condition of your nails: if they have become more brittle, dull, or changed color, this may indicate a deficiency in nutrients or potential health problems. It is also important to assess the presence of pain or other symptoms in the hands and feet. However, it is essential to remember that home diagnosis may not be accurate enough, and if the changes persist or concern you, it is advisable to see a specialist for a thorough examination.