Brittleness of nails: causes, treatment, and prevention
About the symptom
Nail brittleness is a common problem faced by many people. Symptoms of brittleness include the presence of cracks, splitting, and fragility of the nails, which become thinner and lose their natural strength. Often, these changes are accompanied by changes in nail color, the appearance of unevenness on their surface, and even painful sensations when pressed. Brittle nails can become an unpleasant cosmetic defect, which often causes discomfort and embarrassment to the person suffering from this problem.
There are many factors contributing to nail brittleness. Poor nutrition, a lack of vitamins and minerals, as well as the abuse of aggressive chemical products, such as nail polish remover and cleaning agents, can significantly weaken the structure of the nails. Additionally, medical conditions such as fungal infections, thyroid diseases, or iron-deficiency anemia can also manifest as nail brittleness. Therefore, to understand the cause of this symptom, it is important to consult a specialist for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Diseases
Nail fragility can be a symptom of various diseases that affect not only the condition of nails but also the overall health of the body. One of the most common causes of nail fragility is a deficiency of vitamins and minerals such as biotin, calcium, and iron. A lack of these substances can lead to a deterioration in the structure of the nails, making them more vulnerable to breakage and damage. It is also important to note that poor nutrition and the abuse of various chemicals in cosmetic procedures can exacerbate the problem.
In addition, nail fragility may be associated with certain diseases. It is important to pay attention to signs such as changes in color, texture, or shape of the nails, as they may indicate the presence of serious health issues. In some cases, fragility may be a sign of systemic diseases, which requires careful diagnosis and treatment.
- Fungal infections (onychomycosis)
- Vitamin deficiency (hypovitaminosis)
- Endocrine diseases (for example, hypothyroidism)
- Psoriasis
- eczema
- Anemia
- Autoimmune diseases
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of brittle nails is an important step in identifying the causes of this symptom. In most cases, brittle nails may indicate a deficiency of nutrients or the presence of diseases. To accurately determine the cause, it is recommended to consult a doctor who will conduct a series of diagnostic measures, including a visual examination and analysis of the patient’s medical history.
Depending on the individual’s symptoms and condition, the medical specialist may prescribe additional studies. These procedures will help to identify the level of vitamins, minerals, and other substances in the body, as well as rule out the presence of serious diseases, such as fungal infections or endocrine disorders.
- Complete blood count
- Biochemical blood analysis
- Vitamin and mineral level test
- Microscopy of nail scrapings
- Ultrasound examination (US) of internal organs
- Consultation with a dermatologist
Which doctor to consult
Fragility of nails can be a symptom of various diseases or a result of improper care for them. If you notice that your nails are constantly breaking, peeling, or have an unnatural appearance, it is worth seeking medical help. The first step in diagnosis is a consultation with a dermatologist who specializes in skin and nail diseases. The doctor will be able to assess the condition of your nails and determine if there is a need for additional studies or laboratory diagnostics.
In some cases, nail fragility may be associated with disorders in the functioning of internal organs, such as the liver or thyroid gland. In this case, a referral to an endocrinologist or gastroenterologist may be a necessary step to identify the cause of the problem. Do not ignore this symptom, as timely consultation with a specialist can help prevent more serious illnesses.
- Dermatologist
- Endocrinologist
- Gastroenterologist
- Therapist
- Neurologist
Types of Nail Brittleness
Nail brittleness can manifest in various forms and conditions, depending on the causes that have led to this problem. It is important to classify the types of brittleness to correctly determine the necessity of treatment and choose the appropriate nail care measures. The most common types of nail brittleness include three main types: transverse brittleness, longitudinal brittleness, and layered brittleness.
Transverse brittleness is characterized by the formation of horizontal cracks that increase as a result of external influences, such as mechanical damage or exposure to chemicals. Longitudinal brittleness appears as cracks and layers along the nail, which may be caused by a deficiency of minerals and vitamins, such as calcium and biotin. Layered brittleness is most often associated with inflammatory processes in the nail area and is typically observed in fungal infections.
- Transverse brittleness
- Longitudinal brittleness
- Layered brittleness
Causes of Nail Brittleness
Nail brittleness is a common symptom that can indicate various problems within the body. Often, nails become fragile and brittle due to a lack of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. For example, a deficiency in biotin, calcium, and B vitamins reduces the strength of the nail plate and makes it more susceptible to damage. Elements such as iron and zinc also play an important role in maintaining nail health and structure.
Other common causes of nail brittleness may include physical factors such as frequent exposure to water, chemicals (cleaning agents, disinfectants), or injuries. Additionally, certain conditions like fungal infections, psoriasis, or eczema can significantly worsen the condition of the nails. Internal disorders, such as thyroid diseases or anemia, may also be contributing factors, making it important to pay attention to overall health.
- Deficiency of vitamins and minerals
- Frequent exposure to water and chemicals
- Nail injuries and damage
- Fungal infections
- Psoriasis or eczema
- Thyroid diseases
- Anemia
Common Associated Pathologies
Nail brittleness can not only be an independent problem but also indicate the presence of serious diseases and conditions. One of the most common pathologies associated with nail brittleness is hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones necessary for maintaining normal metabolism. In hypothyroidism, nails become thin, brittle, and often have a dull color.
Another possible cause of nail brittleness is dermatological diseases such as eczema or psoriasis. These conditions lead to skin inflammation and can affect not only the skin but also the nails, making them fragile and prone to damage. It is also important to consider the impact of fungal infections, which can significantly weaken the structure of the nails and lead to their brittleness and splitting.
- Hypothyroidism
- Dermatitis
- Psoriasis
- Fungal infections
- Anemia
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
Expert Opinion
Brittle nails are a problem that many patients face. The dermatologist notes that brittle nails can indicate not only a lack of care but also the presence of more serious diseases. Often, this is associated with a deficiency of vitamins and minerals in the body, especially B vitamins, calcium, and zinc. If you have noticeably changed the condition of your nails, you should pay attention to your diet as well as your overall health status.
Experts recommend considering various factors that contribute to nail brittleness, including external influences such as frequent use of household chemicals or harmful habits like nail-biting. It is important to remember that nail care includes not only their physical protection and strengthening but also optimizing nutrition and overall metabolic processes.
Meanwhile, it is fashionable to use special strengthening coatings and oils to minimize brittleness, but these are merely temporary measures. For an effective solution to the problem, it is advisable to consult a specialist who can help identify the root causes and propose a comprehensive approach to treatment, including possible laboratory tests and the prescription of necessary supplements or medications.
Treatment of Nail Fragility
Nail fragility is a symptom that can significantly affect the appearance of hands and an individual’s overall well-being. To prevent fragility and improve nail health, it is important to have the right treatment plan. Treatment for nail fragility can include both lifestyle changes and medical procedures. Specialists often recommend including vitamins and minerals in the diet, such as biotin, zinc, and iron, to stimulate growth and strengthen nails.
It is also important to pay attention to nail care. Regular use of moisturizing creams and cuticle oils helps maintain nails in good condition. However, if nail issues persist, medication or the use of special strengthening coatings may be required. It is important to remember that effective treatment requires diagnosing the causes of fragility, and only a qualified doctor can recommend an individualized approach.
- Intake of vitamins and trace elements
- Use of strengthening nail polishes
- Changing the diet
- Treating underlying conditions
- Regular moisturization and protection of nails
Complications
Nail brittleness, although it often seems to be a harmless problem, can lead to various complications if left untreated. Constant damage to the nails can cause inflammation and infection, worsening the situation. Visual changes in the nails, such as cracks and chips, can also lead to psychological discomfort and a decrease in self-esteem. This is particularly relevant for people whose work or social life is associated with a high level of attention to appearance.
Another serious complication is related to possible systemic diseases. Nail brittleness can be a symptom of vitamin and mineral deficiency, which can lead to other problems in the body, such as anemia or metabolic disorders. This makes it important to consult specialists and pay attention not only to the appearance of the nails but also to overall health.
- Inflammation of the nail bed
- Fungal infections
- Skin diseases (psoriasis, eczema)
- Systemic diseases (autoimmune disorders)
- Psychological issues due to the appearance of nails
FAQ
What to do if your nails constantly break and how to prevent it?
If your nails are constantly breaking, the first step to solving the problem is to analyze your lifestyle and diet. Make sure your diet is rich in vitamins and minerals, especially biotin and zinc, which help strengthen nails. Also, pay attention to nail care: avoid frequent contact with chemicals, use protective measures such as gloves, and regularly moisturize the cuticle and nail plate. If the problem persists, it is recommended to consult a doctor or dermatologist for diagnosis of possible conditions and to prescribe specialized treatment.
How to determine if brittle nails are a sign of a serious illness?
To determine whether nail brittleness is a sign of a serious illness, it is essential to pay attention to other accompanying symptoms and changes in the condition of the nails. If brittleness is accompanied by changes in color, shape, texture, as well as painful sensations or inflammation in the cuticle area, this may be a signal of underlying issues such as vitamin deficiencies, hormonal disorders, or severe systemic diseases. In such cases, it is advisable to consult a doctor for a comprehensive diagnosis and examination to rule out possible pathologies and receive treatment recommendations.
How does nutrition affect nail health and brittleness?
Nutrition plays a crucial role in nail health; a deficiency of essential vitamins and minerals can lead to brittleness and weakness. Key components such as proteins, B vitamins (especially biotin), vitamin E, and minerals like iron, zinc, and calcium are necessary for the formation and maintenance of nail strength. A diverse and balanced diet that includes all these elements helps improve the condition of the nails. Consuming enough fluids also contributes to maintaining normal moisture levels and prevents brittleness.
What can home remedies for strengthening brittle nails include?
Home remedies for strengthening brittle nails may include various natural components, such as olive or coconut oil, which moisturize and nourish the nail plate. Aloe vera extracts and lemon juice are also commonly used, as they help strengthen and improve the condition of the nails. Vitamins, such as vitamin E and biotin, can be added to the regular diet or used in the form of nail masks, as well as special mixtures of honey and egg yolk. Regular use of such remedies can significantly improve the structure and appearance of the nails, preventing them from becoming brittle.