Causes and treatment of hand numbness: what you need to know
About the symptom
Numbness of the hands is a condition characterized by a loss of sensitivity or paresthesia, which is felt as tingling, burning, or “pins and needles.” It most often occurs due to nerve compression, spinal diseases, or circulatory disorders. This symptom can be temporary, resulting from prolonged positioning, or chronic, indicating more serious medical issues such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or stroke.
It is important to note that numbness of the hands can affect one or both limbs and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as pain, weakness, or limitations in movement. If numbness persists for a long time or is accompanied by other concerning signs, such as dizziness or vision loss, it is necessary to seek medical attention immediately for comprehensive diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Understanding this problem is the first step towards restoring health and normal functioning of the body.
Diseases
Numbness in the hands can be a symptom of various diseases that affect the nervous system, blood supply, or muscle function. Among the most common diseases that cause numbness is cervical osteochondrosis, which leads to compression of the nerve roots. This pathology is often accompanied by pain in the neck and shoulders, as well as headaches. Numbness can occur in one hand or both, depending on the severity of the problem.
Another common cause of hand numbness is carpal tunnel syndrome, which is due to compression of the median nerve that passes through the wrist. This can occur due to prolonged work at the computer, improper hand positioning, or injuries. Carpal tunnel syndrome most often manifests as numbness and tingling in the thumb, index, and middle fingers, especially at night. Medical assistance should be sought immediately if such symptoms arise.
- Cervical osteochondrosis
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Injuries and bruises to the hands
- Circulatory disorders
- Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
- Multiple sclerosis
Diagnosis
Accurate diagnosis of hand numbness is a key stage in identifying the cause of this symptom and developing an effective treatment plan. Specialists at our medical clinic use a wide range of methods to establish an accurate diagnosis. First of all, a thorough medical history and physical examination are conducted, allowing the doctor to obtain initial data about the patient’s condition and medical history.
After the initial examination, additional diagnostic studies may be assigned to exclude various diseases or conditions that may cause numbness. This can include both non-invasive and more complex methods that will help determine the cause of numbness and assess the overall condition of the patient’s nervous system.
- Electroencephalography (EEG)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and neck
- Computed tomography (CT)
- Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the blood vessels of the arms
- Electroneuromyography (ENMG)
- Laboratory tests (blood test for inflammatory processes and diseases)
Which doctor to consult
Numbness in the hands is a symptom that can indicate a wide range of diseases and conditions, so it is important to consult specialists in a timely manner for diagnosis and treatment. Initially, if you experience numbness, it is recommended to visit a therapist who will conduct a primary examination and refer you to specialists depending on the identified symptoms and possible causes. The therapist may also order necessary tests to determine if further examination is required.
Depending on the nature and duration of the numbness, you may need to consult a neurologist if neurological disorders are suspected, or an orthopedist if the numbness is related to issues with the musculoskeletal system. Additionally, if there are accompanying symptoms such as chest or breathing pains, it is important to see a cardiologist. Thus, the right choice of doctor will help you to establish a diagnosis more quickly and start treatment.
- Therapist
- Neurologist
- Orthopedist
- Cardiologist
- Rheumatologist
- Endocrinologist
Types of Hand Numbness
Hand numbness can manifest in various forms and intensities, depending on the causes of its occurrence. One of the most common types is temporary numbness, often caused by an uncomfortable body position or nerve compression, for example, during sleep. This condition usually resolves on its own after changing position. However, there is also a more serious condition – chronic numbness, which may indicate the presence of diseases requiring medical intervention.
It is also important to distinguish between localized and generalized numbness. Localized numbness usually affects one hand or part of a hand and can be related to injuries, nerve compression, or vascular disorders. Generalized numbness encompasses both hands and may indicate systemic problems, such as metabolic disorders or nerve system dysfunction. Understanding the type of numbness is crucial for selecting the appropriate treatment and consulting a specialist.
- Temporary numbness
- Chronic numbness
- Localized numbness
- Generalized numbness
Causes of Hand Numbness
Hand numbness is a symptom that can be manifested as a result of various factors, both temporary and serious diseases. The most common cause of numbness is pressure on nerve endings, for example, when staying in one position for a long time or when something heavy compresses the arm. In such cases, numbness usually goes away after changing position, but if discomfort recurs, it may indicate more serious health issues.
In addition, hand numbness can be associated with diseases such as osteochondrosis, where there is compression of the nerve endings in the cervical or thoracic spine. Diabetes and circulatory disorders can also lead to this symptom, as they may negatively affect the vascular and nervous systems. More rare but also important causes include multiple sclerosis and carpal tunnel syndrome, which causes numbness, weakness, and tingling in the wrists and fingers.
- Prolonged nerve compression (e.g., during sleep)
- Osteochondrosis and other spinal disorders
- Diabetes
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Stroke
- Multiple sclerosis
- Vitamin deficiencies (B12 and others)
- Circulatory problems
Common Related Pathologies
Numbness in the hands can be a symptom of various pathologies that affect the nervous system, blood vessels, and even joints. This condition is often accompanied by other manifestations that may indicate more serious diseases. For example, chronic diseases such as diabetes can lead to nerve damage known as diabetic neuropathy, which causes numbness and tingling in the extremities. It is also important to pay attention to age-related changes, as the likelihood of experiencing such symptoms increases significantly with age.
Additionally, numbness in the hands may be associated with cervical osteochondrosis. In this case, disturbances occur due to the compression of nerve roots, leading to a loss of sensation in the hands. Atherosclerosis, heart valve diseases, and other issues with the vascular system can also cause a lack of oxygen and, consequently, numbness. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to accompanying symptoms and conduct a thorough diagnosis.
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Cervical osteochondrosis
- Spinal canal stenosis
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Atherosclerosis
- Intermittent claudication
- Stroke
- Vitamin deficiency (especially vitamins B12, B1)
Expert Opinion
Numbness in the hands is not only an unpleasant symptom but also a sign of possible serious diseases that require careful attention. Medical experts emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, as ignoring persistent numbness can lead to deterioration of the condition and even loss of limb function. It is important to understand that numbness can be caused by various factors, including not only temporary but also chronic diseases. For example, nerve compression related to injuries, inflammations, or even spinal disorders.
Specialists recommend not to delay a visit to the doctor when symptoms such as numbness and tingling in the hands appear, especially if these manifestations are accompanied by other alarming signs, such as pain, weakness, or difficulty moving. Early medical attention can significantly increase the chances of successful recovery of hand function. Furthermore, proper diagnosis will allow identifying the underlying cause of the numbness and selecting appropriate therapy, which will help avoid recurrences and improve the patient’s quality of life.
Treatment of Hand Numbness
The treatment of hand numbness depends on the cause that triggered this symptom. Generally, it can include both conservative methods and more radical approaches. First and foremost, it is important to establish an accurate diagnosis, as numbness can be related to various conditions: from simple overexertion to serious neurological disorders. Conservative treatment methods often include physical therapy, the use of braces, and medication therapy, such as anti-inflammatory drugs and B vitamins, which contribute to improving nerve conduction.
In some cases, surgical intervention may be required. For instance, in the case of carpal tunnel syndrome, where the median nerve is compressed, decompression surgery can lead to significant relief of symptoms. It is also important to monitor one’s lifestyle, avoiding factors that contribute to the recurrence of numbness, such as prolonged positions or physical strain on the hands.
List of Treatment Methods for Hand Numbness:
- Physical therapy and exercises
- Medication treatment (anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving medications)
- Surgical intervention (for example, in carpal tunnel syndrome)
- Massage and manual therapy
- Posture correction and workplace ergonomics
- Diet enrichment with B vitamins
Complications
Numbness in the hands can be not just an unpleasant symptom but also lead to serious complications if measures for its diagnosis and treatment are not taken. Prolonged sensitivity disruption in the hands may result in degenerative changes in the nerve endings, which can lead to irreversible problems with movement coordination and strength in the limbs. If medical attention is not sought in a timely manner, numbness can progress and cause painful sensations and loss of hand functionality.
Additionally, if the numbness is related to more serious conditions such as diabetes or osteochondrosis, it can lead to severe complications at systemic levels. Diabetes, for example, can cause diabetic neuropathy, which in turn provokes a sharp decline in limb functions. Thus, ignoring this symptom can lead to serious health consequences.
- Progressive decrease in sensitivity and motor function;
- Development of chronic pain syndrome;
- Loss of muscle strength in the hands;
- Increased risk of injury due to coordination disturbances;
- Various complications with underlying diseases (for instance, diabetes, osteochondrosis).
FAQ
What to do if the numbness in the hands does not go away?
If hand numbness persists, it is important to see a doctor for diagnosis. The condition may indicate more serious issues, such as neurological disorders, nerve compression, or even cardiovascular diseases. The doctor will conduct the necessary examinations to determine the cause of the numbness and will suggest appropriate treatment or recommendations, which may include physical therapy, medications, or lifestyle changes. It is important not to ignore symptoms, as early intervention can prevent potential complications.
What are the causes of numbness in the hands and when should you see a doctor?
Numbness in the hands can be caused by various reasons, including nerve compression, lack of blood circulation, injuries, as well as systemic diseases such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis. If the numbness is persistent or recurrent, and is accompanied by other symptoms such as pain, weakness, tingling, or changes in skin color, it is important to consult a doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent potential complications and improve quality of life.
What examination is necessary when experiencing numbness in the hands?
In case of numbness in the hands, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination, which includes a consultation with a neurologist, examination, and medical history collection. The doctor may order a series of diagnostic procedures, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to rule out diseases of the brain and spinal cord, ultrasound examination of the vessels to assess their patency and condition, and electromyography (EMG) to assess the condition of the nerves and muscles. Laboratory tests may also be required to rule out metabolic or infectious causes. The examination results will help doctors determine the exact cause of numbness and choose an appropriate treatment plan.
What to do if numbness in the hands is accompanied by other symptoms, such as dizziness or difficulty breathing?
If numbness in the hands is accompanied by other serious symptoms, such as dizziness or difficulty breathing, it is important to seek medical help immediately. These signs may indicate potentially dangerous neurological or cardiovascular conditions, such as a stroke or heart attack. Do not hesitate to call for an ambulance and try to solve the problem on your own; it is best to ensure safety and wait for a professional health assessment.