Cracks in the corners of the mouth: causes, treatment, and prevention
About the symptom
Cracks in the corners of the mouth, also known as angular cheilitis or cheilitis, are a fairly common condition that can occur in people of various ages. These cracks manifest as painful fissures on the skin, which can bleed or itch, causing discomfort while talking, eating, and even at rest. The causes for their appearance can be diverse and include vitamin deficiencies, especially vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and B12, autoimmune diseases, as well as infections caused by fungi or bacteria.
The symptoms of cracks in the corners of the mouth can range from mild redness and swelling to more serious manifestations, such as the formation of pustules or scabs. It is important to note that cracks can be not only a cosmetic problem but also signal underlying disorders in the body. If you experience persistent cracks in the corners of the mouth, it may indicate nutritional deficiencies, allergic reactions, or even other conditions that require medical intervention. Therefore, it is important not to ignore the first symptom and consult a doctor for appropriate treatment.
Diseases
Cracks in the corners of the mouth, or angular cheilitis, can be a symptom of various diseases that require the attention of a specialist. These cracks can be caused by both local factors and systemic conditions. One should not underestimate their appearance, as they may signal underlying health issues and require diagnosis to identify the true cause.
Among the most common diseases that can be associated with cracks in the corners of the mouth, the following can be highlighted:
- Vitamin deficiencies (especially B vitamins and vitamin C);
- Fungal infections, such as candidiasis;
- Bacterial infections;
- Allergic reactions to cosmetics or toothpaste;
- Chronic diseases, such as diabetes or gastrointestinal disorders;
- Immunodeficiencies that can lead to frequent infections;
- Exzematous dermatitis;
- Avitaminosis and zinc deficiency.
Each of these diseases requires a comprehensive approach to treatment and the attention of a physician to prevent recurrences and ensure the long-term recovery of the patient.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of cracks in the corners of the mouth involves a comprehensive approach aimed at identifying the underlying cause of this symptom. Initially, the doctor conducts a visual examination, during which they pay attention to the appearance of the cracks, their size, depth, and the presence of inflammatory processes. It is also important to gather a medical history, in which the patient shares information about the presence of other symptoms, such as itching, burning, or painful sensations, as well as any existing chronic diseases and medications being taken.
For a more accurate determination of the cause of the cracks, additional diagnostics may be required. This may include tests for infections, checking vitamin and mineral levels, as well as skin tests if there is suspicion of an allergic reaction. Proper diagnosis is the key to effective treatment and the prevention of recurrences of cracks in the corners of the mouth.
- Visual examination of the oral cavity
- Infection tests (microbiological studies)
- Laboratory blood tests for vitamins and minerals
- Allergic tests
- Consultation with a dermatologist or therapist
Which doctor to contact
If you experience cracks in the corners of your mouth, it is important not to delay visiting a doctor, as this may be a sign of more serious conditions. Initially, it is recommended to consult a dentist, who can assess the condition of the oral membranes and teeth, as well as rule out dental issues such as candidiasis or infections. The dentist will conduct an examination, may provide care recommendations, and if necessary, refer you to other specialists.
If the dentist does not find any dental reasons for the cracks, you should see a dermatologist. This specialist will help determine whether your symptoms are related to skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis, or to systemic disorders such as vitamin deficiency. In some cases, a consultation with a gastroenterologist may also be required if the cause of the cracks is related to digestive system disorders.
- Dentist
- Dermatologist
- Gastroenterologist
- Immunologist
- Endocrinologist
Types of Cracks in the Corners of the Mouth
Cracks in the corners of the mouth can manifest in various forms, and their classification depends on the causes of occurrence and the nature of the symptoms. The most common types of cracks include angular cheilitis, which can be caused by the effects of adverse environmental factors, vitamin deficiency, or even infection. Such cracks typically appear as red and inflamed areas of skin on the lips, which may itch or be painful.
Another type of crack is chronic angular cheilitis, which occurs with the constant repetition of the factor causing skin damage. In this case, the cracks can become deep and painful, often accompanied by fungal or bacterial infections. It is important to distinguish between these types of cracks, as this affects the choice of the appropriate treatment method.
- Angular cheilitis (acute and chronic)
- Cracks caused by vitamin deficiency (especially B vitamins)
- Infectious cracks (fungal or bacterial)
- Cracks associated with chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes)
Causes of Cracks in the Corners of the Mouth
Cracks in the corners of the mouth, also known as angular stomatitis or cheilitis, can occur for various reasons. One of the most common causes is a deficiency of vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6, B12, and iron. A lack of these nutrients can lead to dryness of the skin and mucous membranes, which can contribute to the formation of cracks in the corners of the mouth at any age.
Another important cause of crack formation is infectious agents, such as fungi (e.g., Candida) or bacteria. The moist and warm environment present in the corners of the mouth creates ideal conditions for the proliferation of these microorganisms, especially in people with weakened immune systems or chronic diseases. Additionally, certain conditions, such as diabetes or eczema, may be predisposing factors for the occurrence of this problem.
- Vitamin deficiencies (B vitamins, iron)
- Infectious diseases (fungal, bacterial)
- Chronic diseases (diabetes, eczema)
- Skin dryness (due to external factors such as cold or wind)
- Improper bite or dental prosthetics irritating the skin
Common Related Pathologies
Corners of the mouth can be not only an independent problem but also a symptom of more serious diseases. It is important to understand that this condition may be associated with various pathologies that require careful attention to diagnosis and treatment. The most common diseases that can accompany cracks in the corners of the mouth include candidiasis, syphilis, lichen planus, and many others.
Candidiasis, for example, is caused by fungi of the genus Candida and can manifest not only as cracks in the corners of the mouth but also as a white coating on the tongue and inflammation of the mucous membrane. Syphilis, on the other hand, is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum, and cracks can be a sign of its secondary stage. Lichen planus, in turn, is an autoimmune disease that can also cause changes in the mouth area. Thus, cracks in the corners of the mouth may indicate the presence of more serious pathologies that require medical intervention.
- Candidiasis
- Syphilis
- Lichen planus
- Vitamin deficiency (hypovitaminosis)
- Dermatitis
- Autoimmune diseases
Expert Opinion
Cracks at the corners of the mouth are a fairly common problem that deserves attention, as they can indicate various deficiencies in the body. A dentist or dermatologist can help identify the underlying cause of the cracks and offer treatment options. Often, patients come with this problem, not realizing that such cracks can occur not only due to external factors but also due to internal diseases, such as vitamin deficiencies or infectious diseases.
Experts note that proper diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of cracks at the corners of the mouth not only improve aesthetic appearance but also prevent possible complications. This may include changes in diet as well as the prescription of special creams or ointments. It is important to remember that self-treatment may worsen the condition, so consulting a qualified specialist is an essential part of addressing this problem.
Treatment of Cracks in the Corners of the Mouth
The treatment of cracks in the corners of the mouth depends on the cause of their appearance. At the first stage, it is important to determine what has caused the problem, whether it is an infection, a deficiency of vitamins, or another disease. If the cracks are caused by a fungal infection, the doctor may need to prescribe antifungal medications. In the case of vitamin deficiencies, especially riboflavin (vitamin B2), it is important to supplement the diet with necessary trace elements and vitamins.
At the second stage of treatment, local preparations may be recommended, such as ointments with a healing effect or anti-inflammatory agents. This will help alleviate symptoms and speed up the healing process. It is also important not to forget about maintaining oral hygiene, which can additionally contribute to the quicker resolution of unpleasant cracks.
- Antiseptic and healing ointments
- Vitamin-mineral complexes
- Medications to improve the immune system
- Antifungal agents (if necessary)
- Local therapy (rinses with antiseptics)
Complications
Cracks in the corners of the mouth, if not addressed and treated in a timely manner, can lead to various complications. The first and most common complication is infection. Inflamed corners of the mouth create a favorable environment for bacterial growth, which can lead to conditions such as bacterial or fungal stomatitis. The healing process can be prolonged, and a person may face additional discomfort associated with pain and difficulties in eating.
Moreover, if the cracks are resistant to treatment, a chronic form of the condition may develop. Chronic cracks can be a constant source of pain and fear of cold weather or strong winds. This can lead to disturbances in psychological well-being, depression, and a decline in quality of life. People in such situations experience problems with communication and eating, which can also impact their overall health.
- Infections (bacterial and fungal)
- Chronic inflammation
- Painful sensations when eating and speaking
- Depression and anxiety due to cosmetic defects
- Loss of appetite and, consequently, weight loss
FAQ
What are the main causes of cracks in the corners of the mouth?
The main causes of cracks in the corners of the mouth are a deficiency of vitamins, especially B vitamins, as well as a lack of iron and zinc. In addition, cracks can be caused by various diseases, such as candidiasis or herpes, as well as mechanical injuries, for example, from improper eating habits or excessive smoking. A moist environment caused by drooling can also contribute to the formation of cracks, as it creates favorable conditions for the proliferation of bacteria and fungi.
What are the most effective methods for treating cracks in the corners of the mouth?
The most effective methods for treating cracks in the corners of the mouth depend on the cause of their occurrence. In most cases, treatment includes the use of topical medications such as antiseptic and anti-inflammatory ointments that promote healing and reduce discomfort. It is also important to monitor the moisture level of the skin by using moisturizing creams or oils. If the cracks are caused by a deficiency of vitamins, a course of vitamins, especially from the B group, is prescribed. If the cause is other diseases, such as infectious or allergic conditions, comprehensive treatment is necessary, including medications to address the underlying cause. It is essential to consult a doctor for recommendations and an individual treatment plan.
How can cracks in the corners of the mouth be prevented?
To prevent the appearance of cracks in the corners of the mouth, it is important to follow a few simple recommendations. First, it is necessary to maintain good oral hygiene, including regular tooth brushing and the use of dental floss. It is also worth paying attention to moisturizing the skin around the mouth, especially in the winter period, when the skin becomes drier, which can contribute to cracks. Finally, it is important to monitor your diet, supplementing it with products rich in vitamins, especially B2 and B6, which promote skin health. If you have chronic illnesses, such as diabetes or anemia, it is important to manage them, as they can also contribute to the occurrence of cracks.
What to do if cracks in the corners of the mouth persist for a long time?
If cracks in the corners of the mouth do not go away for a long time, it is important to consult a doctor for a full diagnosis and to determine the causes of their appearance. Long-term or chronic cracks may indicate the presence of underlying diseases, such as candidiasis, diabetes, or vitamin deficiencies. The doctor may prescribe appropriate tests and determine the necessary treatment. Additionally, one should avoid self-medication and follow the recommendations of professionals to achieve the best results and prevent possible complications.