Burrs

Hangnails: causes, treatment, and prevention for healthy nails

About the Symptom

Hangnails are small, often painful skin protrusions that appear around the nails on the hands and feet. They occur as a result of skin damage, which may happen due to habitual nail-biting, improper trimming, or careless manicures. The damaged skin around the nails begins to become inflamed, and as a result of this inflammatory process, a hangnail may form. In the early stages, symptoms may include redness, swelling, and itching; however, if hangnails are not treated, they can lead to more serious skin infections.

In addition to the unpleasant sensations associated with hangnails, these formations can also significantly affect a person’s quality of life. Constant irritation and discomfort can distract from everyday activities and cause psychological discomfort due to the appearance of the hands. Furthermore, the presence of hangnails increases the risk of pathogenic microorganisms entering open wounds, which can lead to inflammation and pus formation. Therefore, it is important to closely monitor the condition of the skin around the nails and to take preventive measures to avoid the appearance of hangnails.

Diseases

Hangnails, or the skin around the nails, can be caused by a number of diseases and conditions that require a careful approach to diagnosis and treatment. The most common among them are: dermatitis, fungal infections, eczema, as well as some forms of psoriasis. These diseases can lead to dry and inflamed skin, which contributes to the formation of hangnails. It is important to note that hangnails can be both an independent symptom and a consequence of various diseases related to skin condition and overall health.

In addition to the skin’s surface, some systemic diseases can also contribute to the formation of hangnails. For example, diabetes and vitamin deficiencies can affect the health of nails and skin. This emphasizes the importance of treating the underlying disease to prevent the appearance of hangnails. Careful monitoring of health conditions and consultations with a doctor can help determine whether hangnails are related to any disease or are merely a manifestation of a neurotic skin condition.

  • Dermatitis
  • Fungal infections
  • Eczema
  • Psoriasis
  • Hypovitaminosis
  • Diathesis
  • Some chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes)
  • Allergic reactions

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hangnails is an important step in determining the cause of this unpleasant problem. Hangnails can appear as a result of various factors, such as improper care of the skin on the hands, exposure to the environment, or certain diseases. An important aspect of diagnosis is a thorough examination of the skin condition, as well as an analysis of possible injuries or irritations. The specialist may also ask additional questions about your lifestyle, habits, and possible allergies.

There are several diagnostic methods that can help identify the causes of hangnails. In some cases, especially if other symptoms accompany the hangnails, a consultation with a dermatologist or another specialist may be required. It is also important to pay attention to the overall health status of the patient, as hangnails can be related to an excess of vitamins, a deficiency of minerals, or the presence of skin diseases.

  • Clinical examination of the skin on the hands
  • Allergy testing
  • Examination for infectious diseases
  • Consultation with a dermatologist
  • Laboratory tests (depending on the condition of the skin)

Which doctor to contact

If you are facing the problem of hangnails, it is important not to delay your visit to a specialist. Hangnails can cause not only physical discomfort but can also become entry points for infections, which may lead to more serious complications. In such cases, it is advisable to consult a dermatologist who can help identify the causes of their appearance and provide treatment and prevention recommendations.

In addition to a dermatologist, you may need a consultation with physicians of other specialties. For example, if hangnails are a sign of a systemic disease or persistent skin problems, you may require the help of an immunologist or endocrinologist to identify the root cause. Often, hangnails can indicate a range of diseases, and it is important to have a comprehensive approach to their treatment to avoid recurrences.

List of medical specialties for treating the symptom:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Allergology
  • Surgery (if removal is necessary)

Types of Hangnails

Hangnails can manifest in various ways, and their classification is based on several factors, including the reasons for their appearance and the extent of their spread. The most common types of hangnails include acute and chronic. Acute hangnails usually arise as a result of trauma or skin damage, while chronic ones may be a consequence of systemic diseases or prolonged exposure to aggressive factors on the skin. Each of these types requires an individualized approach to treatment and prevention.

In addition, there are hangnails that form around the nails of the hands and feet, as well as those that consist of inflammatory tissues. Such hangnails can cause discomfort or pain and can lead to more serious complications if measures are not taken in time. Proper diagnosis and understanding of the type of hangnail will help the specialist prescribe the best treatment for restoring skin health and preventing recurrences.

  • Acute hangnails
  • Chronic hangnails
  • Hangnails around hand nails
  • Hangnails around toe nails
  • Inflammatory hangnails

Causes of hangnails

Hangnails usually occur due to a breach in the integrity of the skin around the nails. This is often associated with factors such as excessive dryness of the skin, which can be caused by exposure to cold, wind, or aggressive cosmetics. Additionally, a lack of vitamins and minerals, such as vitamins A, E, and B, can lead to deteriorating skin condition, contributing to the formation of hangnails.

No less important is the factor of mechanical damage to the skin. Frequent manipulation of the nails, improper trimming, or care can provoke the appearance of hangnails. Conditions such as eczema or psoriasis can also cause the formation of hangnails, as they disrupt the skin regeneration process. It is important to remember that ignoring this problem can lead to inflammation and a worsening overall skin condition.

  • Excessive skin dryness
  • Lack of vitamins and minerals
  • Mechanical damage to the skin
  • Skin diseases (eczema, psoriasis)
  • Inadequate nail care

Common Related Pathologies

Hangnails, although they may seem like a minor cosmetic defect, can actually be associated with a number of more serious diseases and pathologies. One of the common causes of hangnail formation is impaired immune system function. This can indicate various viral or bacterial infections that can cause excessive skin growth and, consequently, the formation of hangnails. Such conditions require careful monitoring and possibly intervention by specialists.

Another common pathology associated with hangnails is a fungal infection, such as mycosis. Fungal diseases of the skin and nails can predispose to the appearance of cracks and hangnails, especially in the area around the nails. Such problems require comprehensive treatment aimed not only at eliminating external symptoms but also at combating the source of the infection itself.

  • Immunodeficiency states
  • Fungal infections
  • Viral diseases (e.g., herpes)
  • Allergic reactions
  • Dermatitis

Expert Opinion

Hangnails, despite their outward unremarkableness, can signal more serious problems in the body. According to dermatologists, frequent formation of hangnails may indicate a deficiency of vitamins, such as B and E vitamins, which are responsible for the health of the skin and nails. Equally important is hand care – damage to the cuticle and delicate skin around the nails, for example, due to frequent washing or the use of harsh chemicals, can lead to their appearance.

Experts recommend monitoring the condition of the skin on the hands and paying attention to hygiene procedures, such as regular moisturizing and the use of protective products. If hangnails occur constantly and cause discomfort, this may be a sign of potential diseases, such as eczema or mycosis. In such cases, it is important to consult a doctor to avoid complications and ask questions about proper care and treatment.

Treatment of Hangnails

Treating hangnails is an important step in relieving discomfort and preventing potential complications. Hangnails can occur for various reasons, including poor hygiene, aggressive manicure techniques, or even diseases. It is important to understand that trying to break open and remove hangnails on your own can lead to infections and worsen the situation. Therefore, it is recommended to seek professional help for qualified assistance.

Treatment methods may vary depending on the severity of the problem. In some cases, simply caring for the skin around the nails, using moisturizing creams and oils to prevent their appearance, is enough. More severe cases may require special medical procedures, such as laser therapy or the use of antifungal and anti-inflammatory medications. It is also important to consider that treatment should focus on the overall health of the patient—hangnails can be a sign of underlying issues in the body.

  • Moisturizing creams and oils
  • Antiseptics for skin treatment
  • Laser procedures
  • Use of antifungal medications
  • Cosmetic procedures by professionals

Complications

Hangnails, despite their seeming harmlessness, can lead to various complications, especially if measures to treat them are not taken in a timely manner. One of the most common complications is infection. Hangnails can crack and bleed, creating entry points for bacteria. As a result, inflammation may develop, which requires medical intervention and the prescription of antibiotics.

Another serious complication that people with neglected hangnails may encounter is paronychia — inflammation of the skin around the nail. This condition is accompanied by pain, swelling, and may restrict finger movement. In some cases, drainage or surgical intervention may be necessary to remove pus and clean the area around the nail.

Therefore, to prevent complications when hangnails occur, it is essential to follow hygiene rules, avoid self-removal, and regularly care for the nails. If signs of inflammation or deterioration are observed, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

  • Infection of the nail area
  • Paronychia (inflammation of the skin around the nail)
  • Development of a chronic inflammatory process
  • Pain and restriction of finger movement
  • Appearance of scars and changes in skin structure

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