Laryngeal fibroma

Laryngeal fibroma: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis

Laryngeal fibroma: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis

Definition of laryngeal fibroma

Laryngeal fibroma is a rare benign tumor arising from the connective tissue of the larynx. This type of tumor is most commonly found in individuals aged 50 to 60, primarily in men. Symptoms of laryngeal fibroma may include hoarseness, dysphagia, cough, wheezing, and changes in voice, depending on the size and location of the tumor. The exact cause of laryngeal fibroma remains unknown; however, its development may be linked to both hereditary factors and the influence of external agents.

Etiology of laryngeal fibroma

The etiology of laryngeal fibroma, a tumor that develops from the connective tissue of the larynx, often remains unclear. Despite numerous studies, the precise causes of this disease have not been fully identified. It is believed that risk factors for the development of laryngeal fibroma may include genetic predisposition, environmental exposure, and individual characteristics of the body.

  • Genetic predisposition: Hereditary factors can influence the tendency to develop a laryngeal fibroma.
  • Environmental exposure: Increased exposure of the laryngeal organs to harmful substances or aggressive factors may contribute to the development of the disease.
  • Chronic inflammatory processes: Continuous inflammation in the laryngeal area may promote the formation of a fibroma.
  • Mechanical injuries: Injuries or damage to the larynx may be associated with the occurrence of a fibroma in that area.
  • Hormonal imbalances: Changes in hormone levels, such as estrogens, may influence the development of a laryngeal fibroma.

The clinical picture of a laryngeal fibroma

The clinical picture of laryngeal fibroma includes a variety of symptoms depending on the size and location of the tumor. Patients may experience difficulties swallowing, a sensation of a lump in the throat, general weakness, hoarseness, pain in the laryngeal area, and even respiratory disturbances. Diagnosing laryngeal fibroma requires a comprehensive approach, including a physical examination, endoscopic examination of the larynx, as well as additional examination methods to clarify the diagnosis.

  • Difficulties swallowing: patients with laryngeal fibroma experience difficulties when swallowing food or liquid.
  • Feeling of a lump in the throat: some people may feel the presence of something like a lump in the laryngeal area, which can cause discomfort and anxiety.
  • General weakness and fatigue: patients with laryngeal fibroma may feel increased tiredness and general weakness due to the tumor’s effect on the body.
  • Hoarse voice: changes in voice, including hoarseness or change in timbre, can be one of the symptoms of laryngeal fibroma.
  • Pain in the laryngeal area: some patients may experience painful sensations in the laryngeal or neck area related to the presence of the tumor.

The specialists’ perspective on the therapy for laryngeal fibroma

The experts’ opinion on the therapy for laryngeal fibroma is based on a combined approach that includes surgical intervention and conservative treatment. Surgical removal of the tumor is the primary method of treatment, especially in cases where the tumor causes significant symptoms or poses a threat to the patient’s life. At the same time, conservative treatment, which includes regular monitoring and rehabilitation, may be prescribed in the postoperative period to prevent recurrences and improve the overall condition of the patient.

Methods of diagnosing laryngeal fibroma

Diagnosis of laryngeal fibroma requires a comprehensive approach and includes various examination methods. The main diagnostic methods are physical examination of the larynx, endoscopic examination using a laryngoscope, as well as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for more detailed visualization of the tumor. After establishing the diagnosis of laryngeal fibroma, a biopsy must be performed to determine the nature of the tumor and exclude a malignant process. A comprehensive examination of the patient and accurate diagnosis play an important role in choosing the optimal treatment method for this condition.

  • Physical examination of the larynx: the doctor may perform external palpation of the neck and assess the general condition of the larynx and surrounding tissues.
  • Endoscopic examination: the use of a laryngoscope allows for inspection of the laryngeal mucosa and determination of the presence of a tumor.
  • Computed tomography: a diagnostic method that provides a more detailed representation of the size and structure of the tumor.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging: helps obtain high-quality images of the larynx for more accurate tumor diagnosis.
  • Biopsy: a procedure in which a tissue sample is taken for laboratory examination to establish the nature of the tumor and rule out malignancy.

Methods of treating laryngeal fibroma

Treatment of laryngeal fibroma may include conservative methods such as observation, symptom management, voice therapy, and physical rehabilitation. In some cases, when the tumor causes significant functional disturbances of the larynx or possible malignant transformation, surgical intervention may be required. The optimal treatment method for laryngeal fibroma depends on the individual characteristics of the patient, the characteristics of the tumor, and the presence of comorbidities.

  • Surgical removal of the tumor in cases of significant dysfunction of the larynx or suspicion of a malignant process.
  • Laser treatment – used for the removal of small tumors on the surface of the larynx.
  • Medication therapy to reduce inflammation and symptoms of the tumor.
  • Physiotherapy and voice therapy to restore laryngeal function after treatment.
  • Radiation therapy may be used in some cases to reduce the size of the tumor before surgical intervention.

Measures to prevent laryngeal fibroma

The prevention of laryngeal fibroma is directly related to the elimination of risk factors such as exposure to chemical substances on the larynx, hypothermia, and smoking. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular physical activity, mindful eating, and the avoidance of harmful habits also helps reduce the likelihood of developing this disease. Regular preventive check-ups with an ENT specialist can help identify potential issues with the larynx at an early stage and take measures to prevent them.

  • Avoid prolonged exposure to aggressive substances on the larynx: contact with irritating chemical components can damage the tissues of the larynx and contribute to the development of tumors.
  • Quit smoking: smoking is one of the risk factors for the development of laryngeal tumors, so quitting tobacco smoke can reduce the likelihood of their occurrence.
  • Maintain a healthy lifestyle: regular physical activity, a balanced diet, weight control, and the absence of bad habits help strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of laryngeal diseases.
  • Annual preventive examinations by a specialist: regular visits to an ENT doctor can help identify possible changes in the condition of the larynx at an early stage and take timely measures for prevention.
  • Avoid hypothermia: prolonged exposure to cold conditions can adversely affect the condition of the mucous membrane of the larynx, so it is advisable to avoid cooling the body and the larynx in particular.

Curious facts about laryngeal fibroma

Laryngeal fibroma, although classified as a benign tumor, can sometimes have an aggressive course, necessitating a comprehensive approach to treatment. Interestingly, laryngeal fibroma, unlike laryngeal cancer, usually does not metastasize, which makes treatment easier and provides a more favorable prognosis. Despite this, it is important to consult a doctor promptly if any symptoms or changes in voice or throat occur, to rule out possible complications.

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