Chronic rhinitis

Chronic rhinitis: symptoms, causes, and treatment

Chronic rhinitis: symptoms, causes, and treatment

Definition of chronic rhinitis

Chronic rhinitis is a prolonged inflammation of the nasal mucosa, lasting for at least 12 weeks. It is characterized by a set of unpleasant symptoms, such as a runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, itching in the nose, and may also be accompanied by changes in the sense of smell and taste. This condition can be triggered by various factors, including allergies, infections, as well as prolonged exposure to irritants like tobacco smoke or polluted air.

Factors contributing to chronic rhinitis

Chronic rhinitis can be caused by various factors, including allergic reactions to pollen, mold, household dust, as well as to feathers, pet hair, or dampness. Other common causes of chronic rhinitis may include viral or bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract, as well as exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or polluted air.

In addition, some people may have chronic rhinitis due to anomalies of the nasal cavity, diseases of the nasal mucosa, nasal polyps, or septal deformities. It is important to consult a doctor to accurately determine the causes of chronic rhinitis and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

  • Allergic reactions: often caused by pollen, mold, household dust, fluff, pet hair, or moisture.
  • Upper respiratory infections: both viral and bacterial infections can contribute to the development of chronic rhinitis.
  • Exposure to irritants: such as tobacco smoke, polluted air, or chemicals.
  • Anomalies of the nasal cavity: including deformations of structures or the presence of polyps in the nose.
  • Mucosal diseases of the nose: such as chronic sinusitis or other conditions, can be factors contributing to chronic rhinitis.

Main signs of chronic rhinitis

The main symptoms of chronic rhinitis include a runny nose, nasal congestion, constant sneezing, and an itchy feeling in the nose. Patients often complain of persistent nasal discharge, which can be clear or cloudy, as well as changes in smell. In some cases, chronic rhinitis is also accompanied by a cough caused by nasopharyngeal reflux.

Additionally, other symptoms may occur, including feelings of fatigue, headaches, drowsiness, and irritability. It is important to consult a doctor for examination and advice to determine the chronicity of rhinitis and to prescribe appropriate treatment.

  • Runny nose: constant discharge from the nose may be one of the first signs of chronic rhinitis.
  • Difficulty breathing through the nose: a feeling of congestion and difficulty breathing may be characteristic of this condition.
  • Sneezing: frequent and unexplained sneezing may be associated with chronic rhinitis.
  • Itching and irritation in the nose area: persistent or periodic itching in the nose may be a signal of the presence of rhinitis.
  • Changes in smell: patients may experience a decline in their sense of smell or even loss of smell due to chronic rhinitis.

Professionals’ perspective on the therapy of chronic rhinitis

Experts in the fields of otolaryngology and allergology pay special attention to the individualized approach to the treatment of chronic rhinitis. The main therapeutic method involves identifying the leading causes of rhinitis, such as allergies, infections, or abnormalities of the nasal cavity, and developing an appropriate treatment plan.

Research shows that an effective control of the symptoms of chronic rhinitis often utilizes a combination of medications, such as antihistamines and steroid drugs. In addition, an important aspect is the use of local preparations, such as nasal sprays or drops, to relieve congestion and reduce the swelling of the nasal mucosa.

Methods for diagnosing chronic rhinitis

To diagnose chronic rhinitis, the doctor examines the nasal cavity and mucous membrane, paying attention to the presence of swelling, discharge, and other signs of inflammation. Additionally, radiological or computed tomographic screening of the nasal cavity may be recommended to detect possible anomalies or changes in the structure of the sinuses.

Determining the allergic nature of rhinitis may include special skin tests for allergens. A biopsy of the nasal mucosa may be performed to assess the degree of inflammation and to rule out other causes of rhinitis. It is important to consult an experienced specialist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

  • Examination of the nasal cavity: the doctor conducts a visual and instrumental examination of the mucous membrane and nasal passages to identify signs of inflammation.
  • X-ray and computed tomography examination: these methods help to identify abnormalities in the structure of the nasal sinuses and assess the condition of the nasal cavity.
  • Skin tests for allergens: the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis may include conducting special tests to determine allergic reactions to various allergens.
  • Biopsy of the mucous membrane: analysis of the biopsy helps to determine the degree of inflammation and rule out other possible causes of rhinitis.
  • Clinical tests: a complete blood count and other laboratory studies may be ordered to assess the overall condition of the patient and identify possible disorders.

Methods of treating chronic rhinitis

Treatment of chronic rhinitis may include conservative methods such as the use of local nasal drops, vasoconstrictors, steroid nasal sprays, and antihistamines. They can help reduce inflammation, improve breathing, and alleviate symptoms. In some cases, systemic medications, physiotherapy, or allergy tests to identify allergens may be prescribed.

For patients with chronic rhinitis for whom conservative methods do not yield adequate results, surgical intervention may be recommended. Surgery on the nasal cavity can be performed to correct anatomical defects, remove polyps, enhance nasal patency, and improve the overall condition of the patient. The decision on the treatment method should be made by the physician based on the specific situation and individual characteristics of the patient.

  • Use of local nasal drops: local nasal drops are one of the most common methods for treating chronic rhinitis, helping to reduce inflammation and improve breathing.
  • Application of vasoconstrictors: vasoconstrictor medications help reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa and improve airflow in the airways.
  • Use of nasal steroid sprays: steroid medications help reduce inflammation and decrease the reaction to allergens, which can improve overall condition.
  • Antihistamines: medications in this class can help relieve itching, runny nose, and other allergic symptoms related to rhinitis.
  • Surgical intervention: in cases where conservative methods do not yield the desired results, surgical treatment may be recommended to improve nasal airflow and alleviate symptoms.

Measures for the prevention of chronic rhinitis

Prevention of chronic rhinitis includes a number of measures to prevent its occurrence. The priority measure is to avoid contact with possible allergens, such as pollen, mold, dust, pet hair, and others. Regular cleaning of the premises, using special filters in air conditioners and blowers also helps reduce the risk of rhinitis.

To prevent infectious forms of chronic rhinitis, it is necessary to follow hygiene rules: wash your hands, avoid close contact with sick individuals, maintain immunity through a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, and physical activity. Regular walks in the fresh air, abundant hydration, and adherence to a work and rest schedule also contribute to strengthening the body and reducing the risk of chronic rhinitis.

  • Avoid contact with allergens: minimize exposure to pollen, mold, dust mites, and pet dander.
  • Regularly clean the premises: cleanliness of the space helps reduce the concentration of allergens and dust.
  • Maintain nasal hygiene: regularly rinse the nasal cavity with saline solutions to remove mucus and allergens.
  • Support your immune system: a balanced diet, adequate intake of vitamins and minerals, and a healthy lifestyle will help strengthen the body and reduce the likelihood of illness.
  • Avoid close contact with individuals with respiratory infections: this will help prevent infection from viral or bacterial agents causing rhinitis.

Amazing facts about chronic rhinitis

Although chronic rhinitis is often associated with the common cold or allergies, it can have more serious consequences, such as a decrease in the patient’s quality of life due to chronic discomfort and breathing disturbances. Some forms of chronic rhinitis can be difficult to treat and may require prolonged therapeutic measures, highlighting the importance of timely diagnosis and proper treatment.

An interesting fact is that chronic rhinitis can be linked to other diseases, such as asthma, nasal polyps, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract disorders. These combinations of diseases can complicate the diagnostic and treatment process, so it is important to conduct a comprehensive examination and develop an individual therapy plan for each patient.

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