Chronic gastritis

Chronic gastritis: symptoms, causes, and treatment

Chronic gastritis: symptoms, causes, and treatment

Definition of chronic gastritis

Chronic gastritis is an inflammatory disease of the gastric mucosa characterized by prolonged progression and accumulation of changes in the tissues. It can arise due to various factors, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, long-term use of NSAIDs, stress, autoimmune disorders, or other reasons, and has various clinical forms, including erosive, hypertrophic, or atrophic gastritis.

Characteristic symptoms of chronic gastritis include dyspeptic disorders such as belching, nausea, heartburn, dull or sharp pains in the epigastric area. Diagnosis of this condition may involve gastroscopy with biopsy to determine the type of gastritis and its causes, as well as to exclude other gastric diseases. It is important to detect chronic gastritis in a timely manner and initiate appropriate treatment to prevent complications and improve the patient’s quality of life.

Etiology of chronic gastritis

Chronic gastritis is an inflammatory disease of the gastric mucosa that can be caused by various factors. Among the main causes of chronic gastritis are Helicobacter pylori infection, autoimmune disorders, long-term use of certain medications, improper nutrition, excessive alcohol consumption, and stressful situations. The interaction between these factors can lead to changes in the gastric mucosa, which contributes to the development of chronic gastritis.

  • Helicobacter pylori infection: the most common cause of chronic gastritis, caused by the Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which can cause inflammation of the stomach lining.
  • Autoimmune disorders: in autoimmune diseases, the body’s immune system attacks its own stomach lining cells, leading to inflammation and the development of gastritis.
  • Long-term use of certain medications: certain drugs, such as NSAIDs, aspirin, and radioactive substances, can irritate the lining and lead to gastritis.
  • Poor diet: regular consumption of spicy, fatty, and peppery foods, as well as a lack of fruits and vegetables in the diet, can contribute to the development of chronic gastritis.
  • Excessive alcohol consumption: alcohol irritates the stomach lining, disrupting its protective functions and contributing to the development of gastritis.

The clinical picture of chronic gastritis

The clinical picture of chronic gastritis may manifest with various symptoms, including discomfort and pain in the epigastric region, belching, nausea, vomiting, appetite disturbances, and even heartburn. Patients may also experience a feeling of fullness and pressure in the abdomen, especially after eating. Some individuals may experience bleeding from the stomach or peptic ulcer disease.

Other typical symptoms of chronic gastritis include stool disorders, reduced ability to absorb nutrients due to impaired stomach function, as well as general weakness and fatigue due to disrupted digestion and nutrient absorption. Signs and symptoms can vary among different patients and may vary depending on the degree of inflammation of the gastric mucosa and the presence of complications.

  • Pain and discomfort in the epigastric area: patients may complain of unpleasant sensations and pain in the upper part of the abdomen.
  • Burping and heartburn: symptoms of burping and heartburn may occur after eating or in a horizontal position.
  • Nausea and vomiting: some patients may experience feelings of nausea and vomiting, especially after eating.
  • Appetite disorders: changes in appetite, including decreased appetite or a feeling of fullness, may be observed in patients with chronic gastritis.
  • Bowel disturbances: some patients may experience bowel problems, such as diarrhea or constipation, related to chronic gastritis.

Expert opinion on the treatment of chronic gastritis

Experts’ opinions on the treatment of chronic gastritis emphasize the importance of an individualized approach for each patient. Research shows that effective therapy for chronic gastritis may involve a comprehensive impact on the main causes of the disease, such as the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, correction of the diet, prescription of anti-inflammatory medications, and strengthening the gastric mucosa.

Experts recommend using both medication and lifestyle changes, such as quitting harmful habits, regular physical exercise, and adhering to a diet. However, despite the wide range of treatment methods, it is important to remember that the effectiveness of treatment for chronic gastritis may depend on individual patient characteristics, the stage of the disease, and the presence of complications.

Methods for diagnosing chronic gastritis

To diagnose chronic gastritis, a doctor may use various methods, including endoscopy with biopsy of the stomach mucosa to determine the extent of inflammation and identify possible complications. Laboratory tests, such as blood tests to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection and assess the level of inflammation, may also be conducted. Other diagnostic methods may include X-ray of the stomach or gastroscopy to evaluate the condition of the mucosa and gastric secretions.

  • Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (endoscopy): This method allows the doctor to visually assess the condition of the gastric mucosa and take a biopsy for more detailed analysis.
  • Blood tests: Including tests for the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection, assessment of inflammation levels, and other parameters that may assist in diagnosing chronic gastritis.
  • Gastrography: A radiological examination of the stomach that can provide information about the shape and size of the stomach, as well as the condition of the mucosa.
  • Method for determining gastric secretions: Allows for the establishment of the acidity level of gastric juice, which can be important in diagnosing and selecting treatment for chronic gastritis.
  • Test for hidden blood in stool: This test can help detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of bleeding from the stomach, a possible complication of chronic gastritis.

Methods of treating chronic gastritis

Treatment of chronic gastritis aims to reduce inflammation of the gastric mucosa and alleviate symptoms. Usually, depending on the cause of the disease, the doctor may prescribe treatment that includes anti-inflammatory medications, medications to reduce gastric acid secretion, as well as antibiotics in the case of a Helicobacter pylori infection. Diet also plays an important role in the treatment of chronic gastritis, and patients are often advised to follow guidelines for healthy eating and avoid irritating foods.

In some cases, the doctor may recommend the use of probiotics, dietary fiber supplements, or medications that promote the healing of the gastric mucosa. However, the choice of the optimal treatment method should always be made individually under the supervision of a physician, considering the characteristics of each patient and the type of chronic gastritis.

  • Use of anti-inflammatory drugs: To reduce inflammation of the stomach lining, medications that help lower the inflammatory response are often prescribed.
  • Use of medications to reduce gastric acid production: To decrease irritation of the lining and improve digestion, medications that reduce gastric acid production may be used.
  • Antibiotic therapy: If an infection with Helicobacter pylori is detected, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics to eliminate it and alleviate the symptoms of gastritis.
  • Diet and proper nutrition: Following a diet that excludes irritating foods, as well as recommendations for proper nutrition, can help reduce symptoms of chronic gastritis.
  • Use of probiotics and dietary fiber supplements: Probiotics and dietary fibers can be beneficial for restoring gastric microflora and maintaining the health of the lining.

Measures for the prevention of chronic gastritis

The prevention of chronic gastritis includes a number of recommendations aimed at maintaining the health of the gastrointestinal tract. Important preventive methods include adhering to a healthy diet, which involves consuming fresh fruits and vegetables, avoiding fatty, spicy, and sour foods, as well as alcohol and smoking. Regular consumption of probiotics and prebiotics can contribute to the balance of the gut microflora, which may also play an important role in the prevention of gastritis.

To prevent chronic gastritis, it is also important to monitor one’s health, avoid stressful situations, lead an active lifestyle, and undergo regular check-ups with a doctor for the timely detection of possible changes in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. All these measures contribute to maintaining the health of the stomach lining and reducing the risk of developing chronic gastritis.

  • Balanced diet: Regular consumption of fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, as well as limiting fatty, spicy, and acidic foods, helps maintain the health of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Avoiding harmful habits: Quitting smoking, moderating alcohol consumption, and avoiding tobacco smoke helps prevent the development of chronic gastritis.
  • Reducing stress: Regular exercise, relaxation practices, and stress management techniques help mitigate the negative impact of stress on stomach health.
  • Regular check-ups with a doctor: Visiting a doctor for preventive check-ups and examinations helps identify early signs of potential stomach issues.
  • Consuming probiotics and prebiotics: Using supplements that support healthy stomach microflora helps prevent the development of gastritis and other gastrointestinal pathologies.

Amazing facts about chronic gastritis

Although chronic gastritis is a common gastrointestinal disorder, it is surprising that many people may remain unaware of this condition for long periods due to mild or absent symptoms. Interestingly, in chronic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection plays a significant role in the development of the disease, and research continues to clarify the mechanisms of this interaction.

Another surprising fact is the grand scale of antibiotic use in the treatment of chronic gastritis, especially in cases of Helicobacter pylori infection. This underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis and a comprehensive approach to treatment, which may include not only medication but also lifestyle and dietary changes.

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