Cervical canal polyp (cervical polyp)

Cervical canal polyp: causes, symptoms, and treatment methods

Cervical canal polyp: causes, symptoms, and treatment methods

Definition of a cervical canal polyp

A cervical canal polyp, also known as a cervical polyp, is a benign tumor that typically has a structure of vascular or glandular tissue formation. This neoplasm most often occurs on the mucous membrane of the cervix and can vary in size, shape, and color, including red, purple, or gray shades.

Cervical polyps are usually non-inflammatory and often do not present any symptoms. However, if they enlarge or if there are obvious clinical manifestations, additional examination and treatment may be necessary, including the removal of the polyp.

Etiology of cervical canal polyp

Polyps of the cervical canal can arise due to various factors. One of the reasons for their formation is chronic inflammation of the cervix, which can contribute to the growth of blood vessels and tissues in this area. Hormonal changes, such as levels of estrogen and progesterone, can also play a role in the development of cervical canal polyps.

  • Chronic cervicitis: inflammatory processes can promote the growth of blood vessels and tissues, which may lead to the formation of polyps.
  • Hormonal changes: imbalance of estrogen and progesterone levels can influence the growth and development of cervical canal polyps.
  • Injuries: damage to the cervix, for example, during childbirth or other mechanical impacts, can stimulate the formation of polyps.
  • Excessive epithelial growth: hyperplasia of the cervical epithelium can contribute to the formation of polyps.
  • Genetic factors: hereditary predisposition may also play a role in the occurrence of cervical canal polyps.

The clinical picture of a cervical canal polyp

A polyp of the cervical canal often occurs asymptomatically and can be detected accidentally during a gynecological examination. In some cases, women may experience abnormal discharge from the genital tract, irregular menstruation, or bleeding after sexual intercourse.

  • Abnormal vaginal discharge: detection of unusual discharges, such as bloody or mucus-like discharges, may be a sign of a cervical canal polyp.
  • Irrregular menstruation: some women with a cervical canal polyp may experience irregular menstrual cycles, including more frequent or heavier periods.
  • Bleeding after sexual intercourse: the occurrence of bleeding after sexual intercourse may be one of the signs of a cervical canal polyp and requires careful examination.
  • Lower abdominal pain: some women with cervical canal polyps may experience pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen, particularly during sexual intercourse.
  • Unusual sensations during sexual intercourse: some women with a cervical canal polyp may experience unusual sensations or pain during sexual intercourse, which is a potential symptom of this condition.

Expert opinions on the treatment of cervical canal polyps

Experts in the field of gynecology generally agree that treatment for a cervical canal polyp may include conservative methods, such as reducing inflammation with medication, as well as surgical removal of the polyp if necessary. The decision regarding the treatment method depends on the size of the polyp, symptoms, the patient’s age, and other factors, and can be made after a thorough examination.

Experts typically recommend regular monitoring for women diagnosed with a cervical canal polyp to timely identify changes and take necessary measures. They also emphasize the importance of following all doctor’s recommendations and preventive measures to maintain cervical health.

Diagnosis of a cervical canal polyp

When diagnosing a polyp of the cervical canal, the doctor usually begins with a gynecological examination and colposcopy, which allow for a visual assessment of the condition of the cervix and the detection of the polyp. An ultrasound of the pelvic organs may then be required for a more detailed evaluation of the polyp and its possible influence on surrounding tissues.

Additional diagnostic methods, such as biopsy, may be used to confirm the diagnosis of the polyp, especially if there is suspicion of malignant change. Histological examination of the material taken from the polyp can help establish the exact nature of the formation and determine further treatment tactics.

  • Gynecological examination: the primary diagnostic method that allows for a visual assessment of the condition of the cervical canal and the identification of a polyp.
  • Colposcopy: an additional study that allows for a detailed examination of the formation on the cervix and the surrounding tissues.
  • Ultrasound examination: used to assess the size and structure of the polyp, its interaction with neighboring organs and tissues.
  • Biopsy: a method of obtaining a tissue sample from the polyp for subsequent histological examination and establishing an accurate diagnosis.
  • Histological examination: allows for the determination of the nature of the formation, its degree of malignancy, and the selection of the optimal treatment method.

Treatment of cervical canal polyp

The treatment of cervical canal polyps depends on the size of the polyp, symptoms, and the patient’s desired pregnancy outcome. Small polyps that do not cause concern may disappear on their own or do not require active intervention. Large or symptomatic polyps may require surgical removal, such as polypectomy on an outpatient basis or under local anesthesia.

  • Expectant observation: Small, asymptomatic polyps can be monitored without therapy, as they may resolve on their own.
  • Polypectomy: Surgical removal of a polyp from the cervical canal may be necessary in cases of signs of polyp enlargement, pain, or abnormal discharge.
  • Medication therapy: Sometimes medications, such as hormone regulation drugs, are used to reduce the size or stop the growth of the polyp.
  • Electrocoagulation: A method in which the polyp is removed using electric current, may be used for small polyps under local anesthesia.
  • Observation and repeat tests: After treatment, it is important to conduct regular examinations and tests to monitor the polyp and rule out recurrence.

Prevention of the appearance of a cervical canal polyp

The prevention of the appearance of a cervical canal polyp includes regular gynecological examinations and screenings. Conducting preventive measures to maintain the health of the cervix, such as screening for onc gynecological diseases, can help identify problems at early stages of development.

It is also important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition, physical exercise, and avoiding harmful habits, to reduce the likelihood of various gynecological problems, including cervical polyps.

  • Regular gynecological examinations: Visiting a doctor for preventive check-ups allows for timely detection of any changes in the cervix, including the presence of polyps.
  • Screening for oncological gynecological diseases: Regular examinations and tests help to identify precancerous conditions of the cervix and facilitate early intervention.
  • Adhering to hygiene norms: Regular and proper hygiene practices help prevent the occurrence of infections and inflammations that may contribute to the development of polyps.
  • Healthy lifestyle: Proper nutrition, physical activity, and abstaining from harmful habits strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of cervical problems.
  • Planning pregnancy and hormonal balance: Following the doctor’s recommendations for monitoring hormonal levels and planning pregnancy also helps maintain cervical health and prevent the formation of polyps.

Unrecognized aspects of cervical polyps

Research shows that cervical polyps can have various genetic and molecular characteristics that may be significant for their occurrence and development. Some studies also indicate a possible connection between cervical polyps and the hormonal status of women, highlighting the importance of further research in this area.

Moreover, the mechanisms of cervical polyp formation and their relationship with other gynecological diseases remain subjects of active scientific investigation. Unraveling these aspects may assist in improving the diagnosis and treatment methods for cervical polyps in the future.

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